Fundo Brasil

This editorial reflects on the experience of Semina – Revista dos Pós-Graduandos em História da Universidade de Passo Fundo as a student editorial practice situated in the "historiographical field", understood through Pierre Bourdieu's (2004) notion of "scientific field." The text presents the main actions and decisions that guided the journal's qualification throughout 2025, highlighting the establishment of criteria, institutional strengthening, and commitment to academic rigor, editorial ethics, and responsible circulation of historical knowledge.

Accurate clutch-frequency estimates are essential for assessing population abundance and reproductive output in sea turtles. Traditional nighttime beach-monitoring approaches, however, often underestimate clutch frequency by missing nesting events occurring outside patrolled beaches. Here, we integrated long-term beach monitoring (2009-2016) with satellite telemetry to estimate the clutch frequency of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting at Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil. A total of 593 females were identified along a 5 km monitored beach segment, and transient individuals represented 42.4% ± 3.9 SD of seasonal records. A 2-year remigration interval was the most frequent. The observed clutch frequency (OCF) averaged 3.1 ± 1.2 SD clutches per female, while the estimated clutch frequency based on beach monitoring alone (ECF_BM) averaged 3.9 ± 1.5 SD. For the subset of satellite-tracked females (n = 12), integration of residency length derived from telemetry increased the estimate to 5.6 ± 0.7 SD clutches per female (ECF_BMST). Statistical comparisons confirmed significant differences among estimation methods. These findings align with previous studies, demonstrating that clutch frequency is substantially underestimated when relying solely on beach monitoring. Incorporating satellite telemetry, therefore, provides a more accurate assessment of reproductive output and has important implications for population modelling and the conservation of loggerhead turtles in Brazil.

Children who are contacts of individuals with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are at risk of acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (TBI). We evaluated the determinants of TBI in child and adolescent contacts. Pediatric (≤ 18 years old) close contacts of PTB patients enrolled in a multi-center Brazilian observational cohort were followed up to 6 months. Clinical evaluation, radiographic examination, and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) were performed. Positive IGRA result at baseline or month 6 (IGRA-conversion) was considered an indicator of TBI. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with TBI. Among 562 close contacts enrolled, 171 (30.4%) had a positive IGRA at baseline, and 37 (9.5%) converted at month 6. Positive AFB, persistent cough and cavity on chest X-ray of TB index were independently associated with a positive IGRA result at baseline. IGRA-conversion was independently associated with older age among contacts and chest X-ray cavitations in the index cases. Contacts ≥ 15.9 years old had 3.4 (95%CI: 1.49–7.78, p = 0.004) adjusted odds ratio of IGRA-conversion than those < 15.9 years old. Among pediatric close TB contacts, the prevalence of IGRA positivity increased with age. Older children have substantially higher susceptibility to TBI upon exposure.

Esse trabalho se propõe a estudar o trauma em psicanálise e os aspectos sociais através da obra O Quarto de Despejo, Diário de uma Favelada de Carolina Maria de Jesus, relato de uma vida de sofrimento experienciada pela própria autora. A partir de fragmentos da obra analisaremos o trauma a partir da teoria psicanalítica, observando os aspectos políticos sociais que contribuem para o agravamento desse desamparo. Para isso utilizaremos, além do livro de Maria Carolina de Jesus as obras de Sigmund Freud, Sándor Ferenczi, o dicionário de psicanálise de Laplanche e Pontalis e a livro de Zygmund Bauman e Riccardo Mazzeo, O elogio da Literatura, o texto O Narrador de Walter Benjamin e o texto O Preto e a Psicopatologia de Frantz Fanon. A escolha da abordagem desta obra em especial se dá no contexto da importância de se trabalhar e se pensar os direitos humanos em relação à educação a partir da literatura como elemento sensibilizador: para a formação de sujeitos éticos e cidadãos é também necessário que se possa formar seres humanos sensíveis e empáticos, e a literatura se apresenta como um veículo privilegiado do desenvolvimento desta sensibilidade.

This study examined barriers and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening among eligible women in São Paulo, Brazil, and their associations with sociodemographic factors, screening behaviors, and knowledge. A survey was conducted with 384 women aged 25-64 attending primary healthcare units, selected through multistage random sampling across 50 primary health units from 17 regional health departments of São Paulo. Participants rated barriers and attitudes using 5-point Likert items, which were later condensed in a 3-point scale for analysis. Non-parametric tests assessed associations with sociodemographic factors, screening practices, and knowledge levels. The sample was predominantly low-income (40% in the lowest income bracket; 82% without private health insurance), with 87% reporting a Pap smear within the past five years. Key personal and structural barriers included fear of bad news (41%), test results delays (30%), long wait times (30%), and shame (29%). Significant associations were found between lower income and reporting delays in test results (p = 0,020) and long wait times (p = 0,012), as well as between lower education and experiencing delays (p = 0,030) and shame (p = 0,007). Positive attitudes toward screening exceeded 95% overall and were stronger among women who understood the Pap smear's role in early detection (p = 0,026) and improving survival (p = 0,006). While screening participation was high, persistent socioeconomic disparities in access and personalbarriers require targeted interventions. Strengthening primary healthcare systems with patient-centered approaches could improve screening adherence and reduce inequities.

This article aims to analyze the role of Brazilian populist governments between the decades of 1940s and 1960s, focusing on the role of ideology in the political legitimization of this period. From the concepts of Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) and Repressive State Apparatus (RSA), elaborated by Louis Althusser and the reformulation of the concept of Ideology proposed by Slavoj Zizek, it is investigated how the use of public and private institutions, allied to political discourses, were mobilized to win popular support. After all, a government of populist characteristics has as its main purpose the direct appeal to the people, made through the figure of a charismatic leader. Thus, these governments functioned through ideological mechanisms that naturalized the current political order and guaranteed political hegemony. The text also discusses the relationship between propaganda, social control and the questioning of the subject by the State, aiming to understand the social and political dynamics in Brazil during the Populist Republic.