GKN (Germany)

This paper discusses the introduction of the antenna height scan in CISPR 32 Ed. 2.1 from technical and economical point of view. An artificial equipment under test (EUT) has been examined in an absorber-lined semi-anechoic chamber and a fully anechoic room. The influence of insufficient floor absorber layout and antenna tilting on the height scan is presented by measurements and calculations. The paper closes with a description of the relation between the measurement method, the measurand and the definition of limits with respect to the disturbance scenario (CISPR 16-4-4) and the challenges of EMC measurements with modern electric systems.

Abstract The round robin test investigated the reliability users can expect for AlSi10Mg additive manufactured specimens by laser powder bed fusion through examining powder quality, process parameter, microstructure defects, strength and fatigue. Besides for one outlier, expected static material properties could be found. Optical microstructure inspection was beneficial to determine true porosity and porosity types to explain the occurring scatter in properties. Fractographic analyses reveal that the fatigue crack propagation starts at the rough as-built surface for all specimens. Statistical analysis of the scatter in fatigue using statistical derived safety factors concludes that at a stress of 36.87 MPa the fatigue limit of 107 cycles could be reached for all specimen with a survival probability of 99.999 %.

In this paper, we report the effect of adding Zr + V or Zr + V + Mn to TiFe alloy on microstructure and hydrogen storage properties. The addition of only V was not enough to produce a minimum amount of secondary phase and, therefore, the first hydrogenation at room temperature under a hydrogen pressure of 20 bars was impossible. When 2 wt.% Zr + 2 wt.% V or 2 wt.% Zr + 2 wt.% V + 2 wt.% Mn is added to TiFe, the alloy shows a finely distributed Ti2Fe-like secondary phase. These alloys presented a fast first hydrogenation and a high capacity. The rate-limiting step was found to be 3D growth, diffusion controlled with decreasing interface velocity. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the fast reaction is likely to be the presence of Ti2Fe-like secondary phases that act as a gateway for hydrogen.

Cartilage defects of the patella are considered as a problematic entity. Purpose of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of patients treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for cartilage defects of the patella in comparison to patient with defects of the femoral condyles. 73 patients with a follow-up of 5years have been included in this subgroup analysis of the randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT). In dependence of defect location, patients were divided into two groups [patella defects (n = 45) and femoral condyle defects (n = 28)]. Clinical outcome was evaluated by the means of the KOOS score at baseline and 6weeks, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 60months following ACI. "Responder rate" at 60months (improvement from baseline of > 7 points in the KOOS score) in patients with patella defects was 86.2%. All scores showed a significant improvement from baseline. While overall KOOS score at 60months was 81.9 (SD 18.6) points in femoral condyle defects, a mean of 82.6 (SD 14.0) was observed in patella defects (p = 0.2483). ACI seems an appropriate surgical treatment for cartilage defects of the patella leading to a high success rate. In this study, the clinical outcome in patients with patellar defects was even better than the already excellent results in patients with defects of the femoral condyle even though the study included relatively large defect sizes for both groups (mean defect size 6.0 ± 1.7 and 5.4 ± 1.6 for femur and patella, respectively).

To evaluate the success, safety and complications rates of an endoscopic approach using sponge and over-the-scope clips to close large endoluminal GI defects.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is beneficial for treating a variety of conditions of the lower gastrointestinal tract such as early cancers, polyps and fistulae. Whereas the role of EFTR in the therapy for these conditions has been proven to be effective and safe there is a paucity of data about its potential utility as a diagnostic intervention in patients with GI tract dysmotility disorders.

Balloon-assisted enteroscopy ERCP is now an accepted procedure to perform interventions in patients with complex post-surgical anatomy. However, passage of dilating balloons, larger diameter plastic and metal stents is limited by the size of the working channel of the enteroscope. In addition, when the scope is torqued and looped, even the passage of smaller caliber accessories may be impossible. If the patient has a percutaneous stent, then the DBE-ERCP rendezvous technique presented herein can be attempted, resulting in successful placement of larger diameter plastic and self-expanding metal stents.

Animal movement strategies including migration, dispersal, nomadism, and residency are shaped by broad‐scale spatial‐temporal structuring of the environment, including factors such as the degrees of spatial variation, seasonality and inter‐annual predictability. Animal movement strategies, in turn, interact with the characteristics of individuals and the local distribution of resources to determine local patterns of resource selection with complex and poorly understood implications for animal fitness. Here we present a multi‐scale investigation of animal movement strategies and resource selection. We consider the degree to which spatial variation, seasonality, and inter‐annual predictability in resources drive migration patterns among different taxa and how movement strategies in turn shape local resource selection patterns. We focus on adult Galapagos giant tortoises Chelonoidis spp. as a model system since they display many movement strategies and evolved in the absence of predators of adults. Specifically, our analysis is based on 63 individuals among four taxa tracked on three islands over six years and almost 106 tortoise re‐locations. Tortoises displayed a continuum of movement strategies from migration to sedentarism that were linked to the spatio‐temporal scale and predictability of resource distributions. Movement strategies shaped patterns of resource selection. Specifically, migratory individuals displayed stronger selection toward areas where resources were more predictable among years than did non‐migratory individuals, which indicates a selective advantage for migrants in seasonally structured, more predictable environments. Our analytical framework combines large‐scale predictions for movement strategies, based on environmental structuring, with finer‐scale analysis of space‐use. Integrating different organizational levels of analysis provides a deeper understanding of the eco‐evolutionary dynamics at play in the emergence and maintenance of migration and the critical role of resource predictability. Our results highlight that assessing the potential benefits of differential behavioral responses first requires an understanding of the interactions among movement strategies, resource selection and individual characteristics.