GTP Technology

The gut-brain-beta cell glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-dependent axis and the clock genes both control insulin secretion. Evidence shows that a keystone of this molecular interaction could be the gut microbiota. We analyzed in mice the circadian profile of GLP-1 sensitivity on insulin secretion and the impact of the autonomic neuropathy, antibiotic treated in different diabetic mouse models and in germ-free colonized mice. We show that GLP-1sensitivity is maximal during the dark feeding period, i.e., the postprandial state. Coincidently, the ileum expression of GLP-1 receptor and peripherin is increased and tightly correlated with a subset of clock gene. Since both are markers of enteric neurons, it suggests a role in the gut-brain-beta cell GLP-1-dependent axis. We evaluated the importance of gut microbiota dysbiosis and found that the abundance of ileum bacteria, particularly Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, oscillated diurnally, with a maximum during the dark period, along with expression patterns of a subset of clock genes. This diurnal pattern of circadian gene expression and Lachnospiraceae abundance was also observed in two separate mouse models of gut microbiota dysbiosis and of autonomic neuropathy with impaired GLP-1 sensitivity (1.high-fat diet-fed type 2 diabetic, 2.antibiotic-treated/germ-free mice). Our data show that GLP-1 sensitivity relies on specific pattern of intestinal clock gene expression and specific gut bacteria. This new statement opens opportunities to treat diabetic patient with GLP-1-based therapies by using on a possible pre/probiotic co-treatment to improve the time-dependent efficiency of these therapies.

The paper describes the results of elaborated development work and the application of the very latest technology on steel, plate and pipe making, the recent demand on grade API-5L X70 or even API-5L X80 for specific sour service applications can be met. Furthermore the paper will point out the overall production concept which provides the fundament for the production of such steels with consistent and reliable resistance to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). The essential parameters will be explained. This includes the utilization of an appropriate quality assurance system. Recent achievements in terms of strength level, thickness and sour service conditions will be explained.

Bioassays are little used to detect individual toxins in the environment because, compared to analytical methods, these assays are still limited by several problems, such as the sensitivity and specificity of detection. We tentatively solved these two drawbacks for detection of anatoxin-a(s) by engineering an acetylcholinesterase to increase its sensitivity and by using a combination of mutants to obtain increased analyte specificity. Anatoxin-a(s), a neurotoxin produced by some freshwater cyanobacteria, was detected by measuring the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. By using mutated enzyme, the sensitivity of detection was brought to below the nanomole-per-liter level. However, anatoxin-a(s) is an organophosphorous compound, as are several synthetic molecules which are widely used as insecticides. The mode of action of these compounds is via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which makes the biotest nonspecific. The use of a four-mutant set of acetylcholinesterase variants, two mutants that are sensitive to anatoxin-a(s) and two mutants that are sensitive to the insecticides, allows specific detection of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin.

The paper sets out a path flow estimator suitable for the DEDALE database in Lyon, where traffic flow measurements are available at 6-minute intervals from 71 Traffic Data Collection Units (permanent counting stations). The estimator assumes that traffic assigns itself to paths according to the logit route choice model and that congestion leading to delay only forms on a link when its capacity is reached. An equivalent convex programming problem is formulated and an iterative solution procedure is set out. The estimation of the dispersion factor in, the logit model is discussed, and a column generation method is proposed to avoid the need for path enumeration. A number of propositions are proved.KeywordsPath FlowTransportation ResearchRoute ChoiceBilevel ProgrammingTraffic AssignmentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.