GVK (India)

This chapter presents diversified harmonics modeling for power system networks. The chapter starts with a description of a simplified steady-state stability model. Network stability is classified based on load change and disturbance. Then the presence of harmonics is introduced step by step. Then a brief discussion is presented on how the model will look in the presence of harmonics. The change of operating points due to harmonics is discussed in a case study.

The scheme Beti Bachao Beti Padhao was launched by Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi, on 22 nd January 2015 which means "save the daughter, educate the girl". The scheme was launched in Haryana because of its lowest female to male sex ratio in the country (775:1000). The scheme aims to improve girl child enrollment in schools, sex ratio, and their rights. An ex-post facto research design was used. The state Andhra Pradesh, district Prakasham, and four blocks from the district were selected purposively because of their low Child Sex Ratio. Two villages from each block and 10 respondents from each village were selected randomly constituting a sample of 80 respondents. The data was collected through personal interview with the help of a structured interview schedule. Findings revealed that the majority were middle aged (52.50%) belonging to OBC (40.00%) with education up to secondary level (25.00%) and parent education was primary level (40.00%). Most had occupation as daily labor/ agriculture and allied activities (27.50%) and an annual income of 50,000 to 1,00,000 rupees (36.25%). A large portion of the respondents had up to 2 children (57.50%) with 1 girl child (40.00%). The majority had a medium level (71.25%), followed by high level (15.00%) of communication behaviour. Major constraints faced by them were lack of seriousness among the policy implementers as well as machinery workforces, lack of proper implementation of awareness programmes and poor fund rotation chain in case of socio-cultural, technical, and economic constraints, respectively.

Agriculture is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily through methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock farming, rice cultivation, and fertilizer use. In the face of climate change, there is an urgent need to mitigate these emissions and build climate-resilient agricultural systems. This comprehensive review examines the sources and drivers of GHG emissions in agriculture, the potential impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity, and evolving agricultural practices aimed at reducing emissions and enhancing resilience. We explore a range of strategies, including improved nutrient management, precision agriculture, agroforestry, and the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices, which offer opportunities to mitigate GHG emissions while simultaneously improving soil health, water conservation, and biodiversity. , we discuss the role of policy frameworks, financial incentives, and international collaborations in promoting sustainable agricultural practices and fostering climate resilience in the agricultural sector.

Species of the arboreal leafhopper subfamily Eurymelinae formerly included in Idiocerinae (i.e., excluding Macropsini) from the Indian subcontinent are reviewed. Three tribes, Balocerini, Idiocerini and Megipocerini are represented in the subcontinent. The tribes, genera and species are diagnosed and the species are illustrated with an emphasis on the female genitalia. The species in the genus Idioscopus are revised and assigned to new genera. Species groups are recognized in the genus Idioscopus sensu stricto based on forewing venation, head sculpturing and male genitalia. The following new taxa are described and illustrated: Balocha fuscolinea sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Bellacerus gen. nov. (type species: Idioscopus bellus Viraktamath), Busonia distanti sp. nov. (Nepal; India: Meghalaya), B. manipurensis sp. nov. (India: Manipur), Jogina gen. nov. (type species: Idioscopus robustipennis Viraktamth), Keralus gen. nov. (type species: Idioscopus webbi Viraktamath), Matangia gen. nov. (type species: Idioscopus capriliana Viraktamath & Murphy), M. kodaiensis sp. nov. (India: Tamil Nadu), Metidiocerus gnezdilovi sp. nov. (India: Jammu & Kashmir), Ulavius gen. nov. (type species: Idioscopus anasuyae Viraktamath & Viraktamath), U. parvathiae sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), U. poornachandrai sp. nov. (India: Karnataka) and U. radhamaniae sp. nov. (India: Karnataka). The genus Metidocerus Ossiannilsson is recorded for the first time from the subcontinent. Busonia amentata Distant is redescribed based on one male paratype from Myitta (Myanmar) and it is shown that the specimen identified as this species by Maldonado-Capriles (1977) is in error. Idiocerus quinquepunctatus Melichar 1903 earlier considered as a junior synonym of I. atkinsoni Lethierry 1889, is resurrected from synonymy and Amritodus brevistylus Viraktamath 1976 syn. nov. is treated as a junior synonym of I. quinquepunctatus. Idioscopus scutellatus (Distant 1908) syn. nov. is considered as a junior synonym of I. clypealis (Lethierry 1898). Balocha anufrievi Kameswara Rao & Ramakrishnan 1979 syn. nov., B. bifurcata Kamswara Rao, Ramakrishanan & Ghai 1979 syn. nov. and B. maldonadoi Kamswara Rao & Ramakrishan 1979 syn. nov. are treated as junior synonms of the wide-spread B. astuta (Melichar 1903) described from Sri Lanka. The following new combinations are proposed: Amritodus quinquepunctataus (Melichar) comb. nov., Bellacerus bellus (Viraktamath) comb. nov., Jogina robustipennis (Viraktamath) comb. nov., Keralus webbi (Viraktamath) comb. nov., Matangia capriliana (Viraktamath & Murphy) comb. nov., M. indica (Viraktamath) comb. nov., M. thapai (Viraktamath & Hongsaprug) comb. nov., Metidiocerus deodarae (Viraktamath & Sohi) comb. nov., Ulavius anasuyae (Viraktamath & Viraktamath) comb. nov. U. decoratus (Viraktamath) comb. nov., U. dworakowskae (Viraktamath) comb. nov., U. jayashriae (Viraktamath & Viraktamath) comb. nov. and U. spectabilis (Viraktamath) comb. nov. These species were placed earlier in the genus Idioscopus except Metidiocerus deodarae which was in the genus Idiocerus. Keys to subtribes, genera and species under each genus are also given. Busonia manipurensis sp. nov. and Busoniomimus manjunathi are actively attended by ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Bacterial diseases pose significant risks to the citrus industry, causing major economic losses and threatening global production. The most severe threats include citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri) which leads to visible lesions on leaves, fruit, and stems and Huanglongbing (HLB) (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) which results in mottled leaves, stunted growth, and deformed, bitter fruit. Beyond these major diseases, citrus blast and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) are emerging concerns. Citrus blast, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. citri, results in leaf lesions, cankers, and defoliation, managing it involves copper-based bactericides, removing infected branches, and cultural practices to reduce spread. CVC, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is a vascular disease leading to chlorosis, leaf scorch, and dieback. Management strategies for CVC include controlling insect vectors with insecticides and developing resistant citrus varieties. Integrated disease management is crucial, focusing on sustainable approaches that combine cultural practices, biological control agents, and resistant varieties. Advances in technology, such as molecular diagnostics, remote sensing, and precision agriculture, are improving early detection and monitoring. Public awareness and education are keys to encouraging growers to adopt best practices. Collaboration among researchers, growers, and policymakers remains essential to tackle the complex challenges of bacterial citrus diseases and ensure the citrus industry’s sustainability.

The urbanization, fast-paced lifestyle, improved income and globetrotting have spurred the adoption of convenience foods in India. Value addition to millets promotes their production, marketing and offers good opportunities to farmers for better income generation. Little millet is an indigenous nutricereal widely cultivated across India yet underutilised and often misquoted as poor man's crop. Till date not much research was done to develop a nourishing millet based smoothie mix. In the present investigation, a ready-to-reconstitute smoothie mix was developed with the most organoleptically acceptable formulation being 45% malted-pre-gelatinized little millet flour, 45% milk powder and 10% sugar. The developed mix possessed a good amount of protein (12.89 g/100 g) and exhibited improved dispersibility (88.97%), reduced sediment content (2.95 mL/10 mL) and reconstitution time (81.82 sec) compared to control. It can be readily reconstituted with fruit juices or pulps to prepare smoothies, which could serve as a healthy addition to one's daily diet. The mix was shelf-stable upto 45 days without much deterioration in physicochemical and microbial quality. The lower moisture content (4.81%) and water activity (0.48) indicate good shelf-stability of the developed mix. The developed smoothie mix could enhance the utilization of little millets, locally available seasonal fruits and promote dietary diversification.

An experiment was conducted at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, with the aim of assessing the impact of nano nitrogen on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and enzymatic activity in finger millet cultivation. Among different treatments, application of 75% RDN + seed treatment with nano urea + foliar spray of nano urea at 30 and 50 DAS showed significant improvements in various growth and yield parameters of finger millet. At 90 DAS, it resulted in a remarkable increase in the number of leaves hill-1 (36.73), leaf area (982.90 cm2 hill-1) and leaf area index (3.28). The treatment also led to enhanced growth indices viz., absolute growth rate of 0.74 g day-1, a relative growth rate of 0.029 g g-1 day-1 and a crop growth rate of 24.80 g m2 day-1 during 60-90 DAS period. Significantly, it boosted the grain yield of 3,397 kg ha-1 for finger millet over control. Notably, this treatment exhibited higher NPK (86.56, 25.93 and 55.36 kg ha-1 respectively) uptake at harvest. It also demonstrated superior agronomic efficiency, internal utilization efficiency and nutrient increment efficiency of nitrogen (52.57, 39.24 and 1.40 kg kg-1 respectively). These findings underscore the potential of nano nitrogen in enhancing finger millet growth, increasing yield, optimizing nutrient uptake and improving nitrogen use efficiency in finger millet cultivation.

A two-season field experiment was conducted at zonal agricultural research station, GKVK, Bengaluru during Kharif season in 2021 and 2022 with test a crop sunflower. The soil was sandy loam (Alfisol) in texture and experiment was laid out in RCBD with 3 replications and comprised of 14 treatments. Results revealed that the available soil nutrients like nitrogen (307.25 kg ha-1), sulphur (13.28 mg kg-1) and zinc (1.23 mg kg-1) content differed significantly, with treatment T2 (Package of practice). However, all other major, secondary and micro nutrients did not vary significantly. Nutrients use efficiency of nitrogen (72.01 kg kg-1), phosphorus (26.47 kg kg-1) and potassium (35.29 kg kg-1) were recorded higher with nano fertilizers than conventional one. Urease activity (22.42 µg NH4-N g-1 hr-1) was found to be significantly higher in treatment T2 (Package of practice) and enzyme activity like dehydrogenase activity and acid phosphatase activity not significantly varied, the numerical difference was regulated by pH of soil. Combination of conventional and nano fertilizers can be effectively utilized in enhancing the nutrients use efficiency while sustainably managing the soil properties.

The solitary species of the genus Cocos is the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.). The coconut palm is affectionately known as "Kalpa Vriksha," which translates to "the tree of heaven. The causal organism of grey blight was identified based on the morphological characteristics i.e., five-celled conidia had three middle cells that ranged in colour from light brown to dark brown further confirmed through PCR analysis as Pestalotiopsis palmarum. In cultural characteristics, maximum radial growth occurred in PDA, with V-8 juice agar showing the least growth (65.00 mm). The optimal pH for pathogen growth was 6 (338.11 mg). Fungicide evaluation revealed ziram as highly efficient among non-systemic fungicides, while carbendazim and thiophonate methyl were most effective among systemic ones. Trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% EC emerged as the most effective combi product, inhibiting pathogen growth by 88.02%. Among bio-agents, T. viride-2 displayed the highest mycelial inhibition (71.30%). Turmeric exhibited the highest botanical efficacy (48.03%), whereas lantana had the least impact (3.37%).

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) stands out as a promising nutricereal, boasting a rich nutrient and bioactive profile that offers substantial health benefits. This comprehensive review examines the nutrient and bioactive composition of pearl millet and explores its potential health-promoting properties. Pearl millet is renowned for its high content of essential nutrients, including proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable dietary staple in many regions. Additionally, pearl millet contains bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants, which contribute to its functional properties and potential health benefits. Evidence suggests that regular consumption of pearl millet may offer protective effects against chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and certain cancers. Moreover, pearl millet exhibits a favorable glycemic index and gluten-free properties, making it suitable for individuals with specific dietary requirements. The review also discusses the culinary versatility and agronomic resilience of pearl millet, highlighting its potential role in promoting food security and sustainable agriculture. Overall, the findings underscore the nutritional significance and health-promoting potential of pearl millet, advocating for its inclusion in dietary recommendations and agricultural strategies aimed at enhancing human health and well-being.