Gakushuin Primary School

This study assessed the influence of the home literacy environment on the literacy and numeracy skills of preschoolers. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study explored how five key dimensions of the home environment physical resources, parent literacy habits, child literacy habits, parent-child interaction, and parental beliefs, were associated with learners’ proficiency in alphabet knowledge, phonological awareness, book and print knowledge, number recognition, attribute identification, and thinking skills. The respondents included 100 parent-respondents and 2 preschool teachers, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated home literacy environment survey and the Department of Education’s LitNum Assessment Tool. Statistical analyses involved frequency counts, weighted means, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results showed that the home literacy environment was rated “excellent” across all dimensions, and most learners achieved advanced proficiency in both literacy and numeracy domains. However, correlation analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between the home literacy environment and learners’ literacy or numeracy skills, as all computed r-values were negligible and p-values exceeded the 0.05 significance level. Based on these findings, a comprehensive Action Plan was developed to sustain strong home-school collaboration, address specific learning gaps, and promote more skill-focused support for all learners. The study underscored the value of intentional, skill-specific parental engagement in early academic development.

This study investigated the parents’ sentiments and experiences in helping their children with Grade 2 Math modules in their native language, Sinugbuanong Binisaya. The research used a qualitative approach to understand these sentiments and experiences. Parents faced challenges due to unfamiliar mathematical terms in Sinugbuanong Binisaya, creating a language barrier for both them and their children. Additionally, some parents preferred English instruction due to concerns about their children's future academic and professional success. Despite these difficulties, the study also revealed positive aspects. Parents showed remarkable resourcefulness in supporting their children's learning. They found creative solutions like seeking help from family and friends, using online resources, and even implementing their own teaching methods. The experience led to a newfound appreciation for teachers' hard work and the challenges they face. This creates an opportunity for stronger collaboration between parents and teachers. The study suggests a multi-pronged approach to optimize this approach: revising Math module vocabulary for clarity, developing supplementary materials that integrate both Sinugbuanong Binisaya and English, and fostering collaboration between parents and teachers. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of Sinugbuanong Binisaya instruction on students' English proficiency and academic achievement.

This article presents a detail review of the books of two renowned scholars of Indo-Pak. In this aspect, this article provides a momentary comparison about the similarities and differences, qualities and components of these two books. First book is "Al-Farooq" written by Shiblī’ No‘manī, while "Shāhkār-e-Risālat" is the masterpiece of Ghulam Ahmad Pervaiz. Both these books describe the biographical work about the life of the second Caliph of Islam, Umar b. al-Khattab. Although, these two books are on the same topics and having almost same contents, facts and figures and some similarities but these books differ in their focus and style, with "Al-Farooq" taking a more straightforward and historical approach, while "Shahkar Risalat" is more critical and anticipated and projected target oriented in nature. However, both books share a common goal of providing readers with a deeper understanding of the life of the important figure of Islamic history. Additionally, both works aim to help readers gain insight into the historical and cultural context of early Islam, and the impact of his life had on the development of the Islamic civilization and its followers. In conclusion, both "Al-Farooq" and " Shāhkār-e-Risālat " are valuable resources for those interested in learning more about the early years of Islam and the life of Hazrat Umar.

Instructional leadership plays an important role in improving teacher teaching performance. This is being reviewed through research by focusing on its application in elementary schools. The purpose of the research is to find out the magnitude of the influence of instructional leadership on teaching performance in elementary schools. This study uses descriptive quantitative methods. The data was taken by 17 public elementary schools located in Campaka District, Purwakarta Regency, with 53 teachers. The results showed that instructional leadership had a significant contribution on teaching performance. As a recommendation, that instructional leadership needs to be owned and implemented by all principals when wanting changes in teaching performance from teachers in the school.

A chord diagram is a circle with paired points with each pair of points connected by a chord. Every generic immersed spherical curve provides a chord diagram by associating each chord with two preimages of a double point. Any two spherical curves can be related by a finite sequence of three types of local replacement RI, RII, and RIII, called Reidemeister moves. This study counts the difference in the numbers of sub-chord diagrams embedded in a full chord diagram of any spherical curve by applying one of the moves RI, strong RII, weak RII, strong RIII, and weak RIII defined by connections of branches related to the local replacements (Theorem 1). This yields a new integer-valued invariant under RI and strong RIII that provides a complete classification of prime reduced spherical curves with up to at least seven double points (Theorem 2, Fig. 24): there has been no such invariant before. The invariant expresses the necessary and sufficient condition that spherical curves can be related to a simple closed curve by a finite sequence of RI and strong RIII moves (Theorem 3). Moreover, invariants of spherical curves under flypes are provided by counting sub-chord diagrams (Theorem 4).