General Education Center of Iwate

We presented here a 71-year-old man with a history of thyroid cancer post total thyroidectomy and 131I ablation and right renal cell carcinoma post right partial nephrectomy. He reported persistent chest tightness and pain after the first dose of the Moderna COVID-19 (mRNA-1273) vaccine. Thus, coronary heart disease was suspected, and the patient was referred for MPI (myocardial perfusion imaging). Focal 201Tl uptake in the left axillary region was found incidentally on MPI, and SPECT/CT revealed enlarged benign-looking lymph nodes. The diagnostic is in favor of reactive hyperplasia after the intramuscular injection of vaccine into left deltoid muscle.

排卵同期化・定時人工授精プログラムは，現代の牛の繁殖管理に必要不可欠な技術である．Ovsynch の登場以来，受胎率向上を目的として改良が進められ，現在では多種多様なプログラムが用いられている．中でもShort-Synch は，プロスタグランジンF2α（PGF2α）を投与し，排卵誘発剤の投与を経て定時人工授精（TAI）を行う方法で，処置実施回数や所要日数が少なく労力やコストを低減できるメリットがある．しかし従来のShort-Synch には，処置実施時間が深夜・早朝におよぶ時間面でのデメリットが存在し，またTAI 後の受胎率はOvsynch と同程度であった．そこで，PGF2α 投与の24時間後に排卵誘発剤として安息香酸エストラジオール（EB）を投与し，その翌日にTAI を行うプログラムを実施した．その結果，PGF2α投与の56 時間後に排卵誘発剤としてGnRH を投与し，その翌日にTAI を行う従来法と比較して高い受胎率が得られた．Short-Synch の実施にあたっては，PGF2α投与により退行する機能性黄体が存在する必要があり，その存在を高精度で診断することが高受胎率を得る鍵となる．今回実施したShort-Synch では，直径20 mm 以上の黄体と直径8 mm 以上の卵胞が1 個ずつ存在し，前回の排卵または外陰部出血からそれぞれ10 日・7 日以上経過した牛を対象とした．その結果，従来法と同等または有意に高い受胎率が得られたことから，これらの条件は機能性黄体の診断基準として有用であると考えられた．また，直径20 mm 以上の黄体と共存する直径10 mm 以上の卵胞の個数に着目したところ，当該卵胞が2 個以上存在する場合はEB・GnRH いずれの排卵誘発剤を用いても同等に高い受胎率が得られたが，当該卵胞が1 個の場合にはEB 使用プログラムでGnRH 使用プログラムよりも高い受胎率が得られた．上記の卵巣内部所見は，近年臨床現場でも広く普及している超音波診断装置にて把握可能であり，効果的にShort-Synch を利用するにあたり本装置による診断が一助となる可能性が示された．

自1970年代以來，外來直接投資（FDI）已成為驅動經濟全球化與形塑世界政經格局最重要的因素之一。儘管商業自由主義強調貿易互賴對國家間衝突的和平影響，但外來直接投資與國際衝突的關聯尚未在學界有深入的探討。本文從商業自由主義觀點出發，檢視外資因素對國家間衝突的和平影響。超越傳統觀點僅從機會成本的角度分析經濟因素對國家間衝突的抑制效果，本文主張國家的鼓勵外資政策隱含該國不願使用武力作為國家間爭端解決方式的主觀意向。本文亦主張兩國間均衡的外資互賴產生的和平影響，將隨不同經濟發展程度的成對國家而有差異。本文分析從1985年至2001年在成對國家間外資因素與國家間衝突的關聯，研究顯示均衡外資互賴與較高程度的財產權保護是減少兩國爆發衝突的重要因素。

The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of the forestomach and fecal microbiota in Japanese Black calves with white scours. Forestomach fluid, feces, and peripheral blood were collected from healthy calves ( = 5; age 10 ± 2 d) and scouring calves ( = 5; age 10 ± 1 d) on the day on which white scours occurred. The pH and concentrations of VFA, lactic acid, and ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) of the forestomach fluids were determined. Microbiota composition and gene copy numbers in the forestomach fluid and feces were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), respectively. The cytokine mRNA level in peripheral leukocytes was evaluated by qPCR. The pH of the forestomach fluid of the scouring calves tended to be higher than that of the healthy calves ( = 0.056). No significant difference was detected in the total VFA, lactic acid, or NH-N concentrations in the forestomach fluids of the 2 groups. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla in the forestomach fluid and feces. At the genus level, the relative abundance of in the forestomach fluid was significantly higher in the scouring calves ( < 0.05) and the relative abundance of in the feces was significantly higher than that in the forestomach in the healthy calves ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the bacterial diversity indices of feces were lower in the scouring calves. Quantitative PCR amplification using some of the primer pairs failed in the forestomach fluid and feces in both groups. These results suggested that fermentation in the forestomach may affect the occurrence of white scours, resulting in changes in the composition and diversity of the forestomach fluid and fecal microbiota in Japanese Black calves.

２カ月前からの皮膚結節性病変発現の病歴を有する３歳５カ月齢のホルスタイン種乳牛が，起立不能を主訴として受診した．症例の頭部，頸部，肩部および背部には脱毛斑と結節性皮膚腫瘤が認められた．また，全身の体表リンパ節は腫大しており，直腸検査により骨盤腔内に腫瘤が触知された．皮膚結節のパンチ生検病理組織学的所見および腸骨下リンパ節の細針吸引細胞診検査において，異型性の高い大型独立円形細胞が観察された．リンパ球増多症はみられなかったが，LDH活性，LDHアイソザイム各分画およびチミジンキナーゼ活性の著しい高値が認められた．牛白血病ウイルス抗体は陰性であった．以上の所見より皮膚型牛白血病が疑われた．第４病日に行われた病理学的検索，および皮膚結節と腫大リンパ節の組織学的検索によりT細胞性皮膚型牛白血病と確定診断された．

This study examined which psychological factors characterize posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and depression in students affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Specifically, we examined automatic thoughts, negative appraisals of posttraumatic stress symptoms, and posttraumatic growth. We administered an inventory assessing these factors to 289 high school students (139 boys and 150 girls) of Iwate Prefecture who had been affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. We then performed a discriminant analysis to examine which patterns of these factors predicted PTSD symptoms and depression. Our results suggested that having negative appraisals of posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth predicted PTSD symptoms, while having automatic thoughts and posttraumatic growth predicted depression. The present results can inform the development of preventive approaches; for example, cognitive restructuring would be useful for decreasing students' negative appraisals of their posttraumatic stress symptoms and increasing posttraumatic growth, which would facilitate their recovery from disaster traumas and reduce the likelihood of their developing PTSD.

《五行生剋八重奏》(1979/80)是潘皇龍「柏林時期」的代表作之一，也是奠定他日後創作方向很關鍵的作品。在此他找到了往後以中西合璧爲主的創作方向，尤其是以西方前衛的音樂手法來表達中國哲學與美學思想的創作理念。在此曲中潘皇龍主要想透過音樂來表達中國傳統宇宙觀－五行相生相剋－的思想。他主要藉自音樂結構的「增減」與「消長」所造成的緊張與鬆弛的音樂層面來詮釋五行相生相剋的精神。其所構成變化多端的音響層面及細緻的音色變化，成爲此曲迷人之處。此外，此曲也受到儒家、道家核心的音樂美學觀－大樂必易、大音希聲－以及其所影響之中國傳統音樂所啓發，而發展出以單音爲音樂基本結構的語法。本論文的中心意旨就是探討潘皇龍如何將中國傳統的音樂美學與語法，整合在一個以西方當代技法爲主的音樂中（西方當代音響樂派），同時也探討如何以這樣的音樂呈現來詮釋中國古代的五行生剋思想，而成爲一首潘皇龍式的中西合璧音樂創作。

The aim of this paper is trying to interpret the String Quartet Ⅱ of Pan Hwang-long, including his compositional style, technics and ideas; moreover the relation of this work to the western modern music. Pan composed his String Quartet Ⅱ in 1977 in Hannover, when he studied compostion with the modern leading composer Helmut Lachenmann. In this Quartet Pan was deeply inspired by the compositional technics and idea of Lachenmann, especially his compositional idea of ”musique concrete instrumentale” and the related concept of structure about modern musical sonority. This is a work of avande-garde in respect of its technics. The use of material of sonority is quite new, full of sounds of alienation and noises. This work belongs to one of the most avande-garde work in Taiwan. In order to understand more deeply the technics and idea of this work, and its relation to modern western music, first of all Ⅰ will briefly introduce the idea of Lachenmann's ”musique concrete instrumentale”, and his systematic classification of the sound-types of modern western music and its related concept of musical structure. This ideas of composition have so great influence on Pan that they become the fondation of his composition afterwards. Moreover, Pan was also inspired by the concept of musical structure and material of Anton Webern. Therefore, in the following part of this paper I will explain the relation of this work to the musical idea of Webern. In the last part Ⅰ will analyse the detail arrangement of this work in order to understand its wholeform and structure, and its inner logic of Pan's refined design of the sound-material. By means of such kind of analysis, we could understand more clearly the influence of modern western music on this work, and its perculiar style.

全球化雖未使民族主義沒落，但民族國家面臨日益強大的各種跨國勢力，其功能則確已式微。而約束資本主義的兩大制度－民主政治與社會福利（亦即平衡資本主義與社會正義的兩大前提），至今仍只能在民族國家的框架中施行。隨著民族國家在跨國經濟勢力衝擊下功能的式微，民主政治與社會福利的基礎也可能為經濟全球化所動搖。在新自由主義的全球主義看來，市場法則原本就應該是社會運作的唯一法則。反對此種「解政治化」趨勢的人士，則試圖一方面透過跨國合作，在全球範圍內重新約束資本主義；一方面透過國內改革，因應不可逆轉的全球化潮流。德國社會民主黨人亦瞭解面對不可逆轉的全球化，必須變革以為因應。德國對於跨國政治架構的建立頗為支持；但在執政的社民黨內部，則出現較接近新自由主義的「新中間」路線與較接近傳統社會民主觀點的社民黨左翼間的衝突。爭執的主要問題即在於：在經濟全球化的時代，社會正義應如何維持？