General Electric (Poland)

An alternative procedure for the specification of steel column load-bearing capacity related to fire conditions, based on the empirical Rankine-Merchant formula, is presented and widely discussed. The obtained results are compared with the analogous estimates obtained after applying the conventional formulae recommended in the Eurocode 1993-1-2. Both quantitative and also qualitative relationships between the buckling coefficients determined using this approach and the corresponding coefficients resulting from the use of conventional code algorithm are analyzed in detail. Models of geometric imperfections recommended to calibrate the parameters of suitable buckling curves are proposed as well

Providing basic data from the National Population and Housing Census in a kilometre grid is one of the most important ways of disseminating census results, which at the same time meets the applicable national and international requirements. Due to the fact that the tiles of the kilometre grid are relatively small (squares with one-kilometre-long sides) and thus the risk of identifying a concrete person and disclosing sensitive information about him or her is significant, it is necessary to employ data-protection procedures. The aim of the paper is to discuss the most important directions in the statistical disclosure control on the example of data collected during the National Population and Housing Census 2021, and to propose methods and tools from the aforementioned realm that would be applicable. These will be mainly non-perturbative approaches, i.e. ones that cause suppression of sensitive information. The paper also brings to light the most important issues and challenges dependent on the scope of information disclosed and related to this type of data-protection procedures, as the number and type of variables determine the risk of the identification of individuals and influence the selection of suitable protection tools. The article sets forth proposals for methodological and technical solutions in the field. The analyses demonstrate that data protection poses a significant challenge in the studied case, especially if several mutually-connected databases are to be protected. In such a situation, it is necessary to take into account the logical and mathematical connections between the data sets. An additional risk factor can also be the density or hierarchical character of the grid.

The process of electrical discharge micro-drilling (micro-EDD) of micro holes is used in the aviation, automotive and biomedical industries. In this process, an important issue affecting the stability and efficiency of the process is the flow of the working fluid through the tool electrode channel and the front and side gap areas. Because tool electrodes have diameters below 1 mm. Many factors present in the EDM-drillig process occurring on a micro scale mean that a full explanation of the phenomena affecting the process is limited. The solution is to analyze the phenomena in the process based on the results of numerical simulations, which are based on real measurements. The aim of this work is to analyze the flow of de-ionized water through a brass single-channel electrode with a channel diameter of 0.11 mm and a front and side gap. The liquid flow was analyzed for various variants (with and without cavitation, with added rotation of the tool electrode, with and without surface roughness with material particles). In simulation, it is important to gradually increase the complexity of the model, starting with the simplest model and gradually adding further phenomena. Analysis of the simulation results showed a significant impact on the liquid flow of cavitation, as well as the presence of vortex gaps in some areas, which have a significant impact on the process of drilling micro holes.

The aim of this article is to experimentally determine the role of the environment, consisting of a base oil (PAO), carbon nanomaterials, and optional other additives, as well as the kind of metal in contact with the lubrication film, in the stimulation of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additives' effectiveness during protective film formation. This paper focuses on the role of carbon nanostructures in energy transportation and conversion during tribological processes. An antistatic additive (ASA) (not used in lubricating oils) for jet fuels was added to disturb the process of energy conduction (electric charges) through the lubricant film and thus determine how this disturbance affects the kinetics of the ZDDP triboreaction and, consequently, the linear wear. To achieve this research goal, two types of tribological testing devices were used: an Anton Paar tribometer (TRB) and a triboelectric tribometer (TET). The novelty of the present research is in the use of the method for disturbing the flow of charge/energy through the lubricant film with an antistatic additive for jet fuels, ASA, to influence the impact of this energy on the antiwear properties of ZDDP. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) carbon-based nanostructures, i.e., CNTs, AuCNTs, graphene, and fullerenes, are able to change the rate of chemical reactions of ZDDP during tribological processes; (2) CNTs have the ability to catalyze tribochemical reactions of ZDDP, while graphene and fullerenes are not able to perform this effectively; (3) AuCNT takes the role of an inhibitor during ZDDP's triboreaction; and (4) by discharging electric charge/energy, ASA, in cooperation with CNT and AuCNT significantly reduces the rate of the ZDDP reaction.

Additive manufacturing methods are becoming more and more popular in today's production market. These methods became a useful and flexible alternative to traditional manufacturing approach. One of the most popular methods in this family is direct metal laser melting. It can achieve high quality prints, however, numerous parameters need to be established, to achieve a good quality product. One of the aspects of printing process is inert gas flow. The goal of presented study is to quantitatively assess inert gas flow field using both experimental and numerical methods. Flow field parameters have been measured with anemometry and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Additionally computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools were used to investigate flow phenomena occurring inside the build chamber. PIV measurements give good insight into the flow field, but they are costly and require significant time for preparation. For this reason, CFD analysis is widely used as a design tool, giving reasonable turnaround time. In addition, every design tool to be reliable need to be validated against test data. In this study the team was able to collect both experimental and numerical data and finally conduct the validation. Work allowed to determine the most suitable approach for predictions in given problem. Different turbulence models have been tested. Simulation results were validated against collected experimental data.

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the most effective methods of additive manufacturing (AM). It is used to manufacture products with very complex geometries using a wide range of materials. Practical process conditions are limited by the occurrence of undesirable melting instabilities that degrade the surface quality and lead to product defects. These disadvantages are related to the thermal limitations of the SLM process. The lower thermal limit is due to the need to completely melt the powder layer and partially remelt the underlying layer again to ensure proper bonding between the layers. Exceeding the upper thermal limit in the molten metal pool may cause extensive evaporation, boiling and ejection of molten metal droplets outside the melting area. The article presents an approach and methodology that enable the determination of thermal limits and the operating window of SLM/selective laser sintering (SLS) processes in a relatively simple way. The studies have been performed using various settings of SLM process parameters. The usefulness of the preliminary determination of thermal limitations and approximate prediction of operating window of SLM has been confirmed experimentally and by more accurate computer simulation.

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia pracy głosem w aspekcie monitorowania jego stanu. W kontekście dotychczasowych (statycznych) metod analizy statusu aparatu mowy i śpiewu przedstawiono znane metody pomiaru biomarkerów fizjologicznych służących do diagnozowania potencjalnych patologii. Zaprezentowano także metodę badania i konstrukcji systemu pomiarowego, który może być wykorzystany do bieżącej oceny stanu narządów mowy i śpiewu, tak by w czasie rzeczywistym możliwe było podjęcie adekwatnych działań, polegających zasadniczo na czasowym zaniechaniu wydawania dźwięków lub ograniczenia ich intensywności. W materiale wyeksponowano przewagę systemu pomiarowo-kontrolnego, stanowiącego techniczne wsparcie dla beneficjenta, nad systemem autokontroli – zawodnym przeważnie z przyczyn socjologicznych lub z powodu niedostatecznie czytelnych sygnałów ostrzegawczych, wysyłanych przez nasz organizm.

International audience

WprowadzenieRosja jest bliskim sąsiadem Polski, na temat którego mamy różne stereotypy; z jednej strony mówi się o jej zacofaniu, a nawet prymitywizmie (w polityce i kulturze), z drugiej zaś -dostrzega się bajeczne wręcz bogactwo jej oligarchów i ogromne dochody

The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of electricity from renewable sources in the European Union countries.Analysis includes the quantity of electricity produced from renewable sources -Electricity (hydro, wind, solar, solid biofuels, all other renewables), the amount of renewable electricity used in Transport (Renevable electricity in road transport, in rail transport, in all other transport modes, compliant biofuels, non-compliant biofuels, other renewable energies), gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources in the heating and cooling sector (final energy consumption, derived heat, heat pumps), gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources (electricity, Transport, heating and cooling (European Commision, 2021).Design/methodology/approach: The article presents an analysis of the volume of energy obtained from renewable sources and its use, taking into account the list of volumes, changes in volumes in subsequent years, relative values and percentage change compared to the first period from which the data are available ( 2004) and compared to the period immediately preceding.Findings: By analyzing the data, conclusions can be drawn regarding the level of share and its changes in relation to renewable sources in obtaining electricity, as well as its use in aspects such as Transport or heating and cooling.Research limitations/implications: The problem that arose during the search for the necessary data was the lack of data from all European Union countries -as a result, the analysis includes data until 2020 (when the work was being written, data from 2021 was not yet available).Practical implications: he results of the analysis can be used to assess the possibility of implementing the climate project by the EU Member States.Social implications: Observing the behavior of society as a result of climate policy, it can be concluded that the community is aware of the need to achieve climate goals, and an increasing percentage of people reach for solutions such as heat pumps or solar panels.