Generation 2 Materials Technology (United States)

Quantifying facility-levelmethane (CH4) emissionsisan important task for measuring progress toward net zero and carbonemission reduction targets. Landfills are a significant source ofanthropogenic CH4 emissions in Canada. Quantifying Canadianlandfill emissions is also critical for validating assumptions inbottom-up inventory calculations but is a challenging task becauseof their variability in emissions sources and complex topography onand near landfill sites. We compare CH4 emissions estimatesfor seven different emissions quantification strategies and platformsat a large landfill in Southern Ontario, Canada. We compare ground-based,aircraft-based, and satellite-based remote sensing techniques in additionto ground-based stationary, mobile, and aircraft-based in situ observationstrategies across a 3.5-year period, including a 28-month deploymentof a low-precision sensor network for continuous monitoring. Eachmethodology quantified a large range of emissions rates that varyby 1 order of magnitude for the site (∼200–2000 kg·h–1), and the average estimated emissions rates agreewithin uncertainty. We find that the remote sensing methods have ahigher empirical minimum detection limit and are sufficient for quantifying20–50% of all Canadian landfill sites, while ground-based insitu methods have detection limits suitable for quantifying emissionsfrom the majority of accessible landfill sites.

Describes a new non-destructive electromagnetic sensor for assessment of bulk strength and toughness of new and vintage steel pipelines operating in any environment.

Nondestructive hydrogen content assessment of coated linepipe steel weldments via low frequency impedance measurements has been realized both in the laboratory and the field. A fundamental analysis of the plausibility of localized hydrogen‐induced lattice strain detection in linepipe steel through low frequency impedance measurements is presented. Theoretical explanations of low frequency impedance measurements include free electron theory, quantum mechanics, and RKKY theory.