Geoanalysis (Greece)

Abstract Accurately modelling high-frequency elastic waves in heterogeneous media is central to problems spanning geotechnical engineering, seismic hazard assessment, subsurface energy exploration, and planetary interior studies. Yet traditional numerical solvers are computationally intensive and often struggle with small-scale heterogeneity. Here, we show that physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) can efficiently learn the two-dimensional elastic wave equation without labelled data, using only physical residuals as constraints. We benchmark three architectures—a standard PINN, a Fourier-feature PINN, and the adaptive PirateNet—across homogeneous and multi-layered velocity models. Only PirateNet reproduces complex reflections, transmissions, and mode conversions in six-layered media, achieving stable high-frequency predictions where conventional PINNs fail. Applied examples include subsurface imaging for geothermal and nuclear-energy systems and elastic-wave analysis of planetary crusts. These results highlight the capacity of adaptive PINNs to integrate physical laws and neural representations, offering a unified framework for next-generation simulation and inversion across the Earth and planetary sciences.

ORFEUS (Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology, http://orfeus-eu.org/) is a non-profit foundation that promotes seismology in the Euro-Mediterranean area and beyond through the collection, archival and distribution of seismic waveform data, metadata, and associated services and products. The data and services are collected or developed at national level by more than 60 contributing Institutions. They are further developed, integrated, standardised, homogenised and promoted through ORFEUS. Among the goals of ORFEUS are: (a) the development and coordination of waveform data products; (b) the coordination of a European data distribution system, and the support for seismic networks in managing digital seismic waveform data; (c) the encouragement of the adoption of best practices for seismic network operation, data quality control and data management; (d) the promotion of open access to seismic waveform data, products and services for the broader solid Earth science community. These goals are achieved through the development and maintenance of data services targeted to a broad community of seismological data users, ranging from earth scientists to earthquake engineering practitioners. Three Service Management Committees (SMCs) are consolidated within ORFEUS, devoted to managing, operating and developing (with the support of one or more Infrastructure Development Groups): (i) the European Integrated waveform Data Archive (EIDA; https://www.orfeus-eu.org/data/eida/); (ii) the European Strong-Motion databases (SM; https://www.orfeus-eu.org/data/strong/); the European mobile instrument pools (https://orfeus-eu.org/data/mobile/). Products and services for computational seismologists are also considered for integration in the ORFEUS domain. ORFEUS services currently provide access to the waveforms acquired by ~ 24,000 stations, including dense temporary experiments (e.g. AdriaArray; https://orfeus.readthedocs.io/en/latest/adria_array_main.html), with strong emphasis on open, high-quality data. Contributing to ORFEUS data archives means benefitting from long-term archival, state-of-the-art quality control, improved access, increased usage, and community participation. Access to data and products is ensured through state-of-the-art information and communication technologies, with strong emphasis on federated web services that considerably improve seamless user access to data gathered and/or distributed by the various ORFEUS institutions. Web services also facilitate the automation of downstream products. Particular attention is paid to adopting clear policies and licenses, and acknowledging the crucial role played by data providers, who are part of the ORFEUS community. There are significant efforts by ORFEUS participating institutions to enhance the existing services to tackle the challenges posed by Big Data, with emphasis on data quality, improved user experience, and implementation of strategies (e.g. Cloud) for scalability, high-volume data access and archival. ORFEUS actively encourages interoperability and integration of multidisciplinary datasets in seismological and Earth Science workflows. ORFEUS data and services are assessed and improved through the technical and scientific feedback of a User Advisory Group (UAG), which comprises selected European Earth scientists with expertise on a broad range of disciplines. All ORFEUS services are developed in coordination with EPOS and are largely integrated in the EPOS Data Access Portal (https://www.ics-c.epos-eu.org/). ORFEUS is one of the founding Parties and a fundamental pillar of EPOS Thematic Core Service (TCS) for Seismology. ORFEUS and its community are actively involved in EC projects (http://www.orfeus-eu.org/organization/projects/), notably Geo-INQUIRE (https://www.geo-inquire.eu/) and DT-GEO (https://dtgeo.eu/) in 2024.

A [Mn(III)(11)Mn(II)(6)(mu(4)-O)(8)(mu(3)-L)(4)](25+) (L = N(3)(-) or OCN(-)) octahedral unit is reported, occurring within 1D (1)(infinity) and 2D (2)(infinity) coordination polymers, as well as the corresponding 0D discrete cluster 3. It possesses a giant ground-state spin value, determined in the case of 3 to be S = 37, the second largest to be reported to date. In addition, compound 3 displays single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior, and is thus the largest-spin SMM.

Polymetallic/ferro-manganese nodules (Mn-nodules) reach sizes of up to 10 cm in diameter and are abundantly found on the seabed. To date, the origin of Mn-nodules remains unclear, and both abiogenic and biogenic origins have been proposed. In search of evidence for a contribution of microbial processes to the formation of Mn-nodules, we analyzed those spherical nodules which contain a concentrically banded texture in their interior. The Mn-nodules were collected at a depth of 5,152 m from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Our high-resolution scanning electron microscopy analyses reveal first published evidence that endolithic microorganisms exist and are arranged in a highly organized manner on plane mineral surfaces within the nodules. These microorganisms are adorned on their surfaces with S-layers, which are indicative for bacteria. Moreover, the data suggest that these S-layers are the crystallization seeds for the mineralization process. We conclude that the mineral material of the Mn-nodule has a biogenic origin, and hope that these data will contribute to the development of biotechnological approaches to concentrate metals from seawater using bacteria in bioreactors.

Abstract: This paper for the first time reveals high‐resolution core records of Zabuye Salt Lake in the interior of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. According to 1346 samples taken continuously, relatively accurate 14C, U‐series disequilibrium and ESR ages have been obtained, thus revealing that the lake core ages from 0 to 83.63 m of hole SZK02 are ∼800 to over 128 ka. In the paper, the lake core sedimentary characteristics (including the lithologies and mineral assemblages) are analyzed in detail and correlated with ostracod assemblages I to XX and sporopollen zones A to I, and on the basis of an integrated analysis of the δ 18O values of authigenic calcium‐magnesium carbonate and environmental proxies of minerals, sporopollen and microfossils in the lake core, a correlation has been made of oxygen isotope change between this lake core and the Greenland GISP2 and GRIP and Guliya ice cores, and the climate of Zabuye Salt Lake since 128 ka BP is divided into the last interglacial stage (including substages e, d, c, b and a) of oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 5, early glacial stadial of the last glacial stage of OIS 4, interglacial stadial of the last glacial stage of OIS 3, late glacial stadial of the last glacial stage or Last Glacial Maximum of OIS 2 and postglacial state of OIS 1; in addition, 6 Heinrich (H6‐H1) events, Younger Dryas event and 8.2 ka BP cold event have been recognized.

We present ByzantineCAD, a feature-based parametric CAD system for designing pierced Byzantine jewellery. ByzantineCAD is an automated system where jewellery is designed according to the values of parameters and constraints that are determined by the end-user. We introduce an approach to reproducing traditional pierced Byzantine jewellery using pierced voxels ("poxels"). Poxels are voxels with specific attributes and properties that are appropriately combined to create large complex pierced designs. We also present a scaling algorithm for enlarging pierced designs without altering the size of the poxels used to construct them and an algorithm for engraving arbitrary images in pierced jewellery.