George C Marshall Foundation

Journal Article Spanning the Century: The Life of W. Averell Harriman, 1891–1986. By Rudy Abramson. (New York: Morrow, 1992. 779 pp. $25.00, ISBN 0-688-04352-6.) Get access Larry I. Bland Larry I. Bland George C. Marshall Foundation, Lexington, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 80, Issue 2, September 1993, Pages 740–741, https://doi.org/10.2307/2080005 Published: 01 September 1993

Journal Article We Shall Return! MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan, 1942–1943. Ed. by William M. Leary. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1988. xiv + 305 pp. $25.00.) Get access Larry I. Bland Larry I. Bland George C. Marshall Foundation Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 76, Issue 1, June 1989, Pages 304–305, https://doi.org/10.2307/1908468 Published: 01 June 1989

Abstract Donella Meadows, who teaches at Dartmouth College, recently won a major award for excellence in journalism. The Champion‐Tuck Awards are given annually in the United States for the best reporting on business and economic issues. She won second prize in the 1986 competition for local or syndicated columnists for her weekly column “The Global Citizen,” which is published in the Valley News of Lebanon, New Hampshire, and appears in a number of newspapers in New England and elsewhere in the United States. The article printed here appeared in the Valley News, June 21, 1986.Dr. Rfeadolvs began writing “The Global Citizen” in 1983 on issues ranging from organic farming to causes of economic depression, from political revolution to preservation of tropic ecosystems. The columns are infused with a feedback view of the world and emphasize the endogenous. dynamic. and interconnected nature of the systems within which we live.

Dominance hierarchies are presumed to evolve by individual selection from an evolutionary compromise between intraspecific competition for resources and for mates. The hypothesis is put forward that when competition in “stable” habitats leads to “niche breadth,” a species is preadapted to life in heterogeneous environments and the consequent selection for fecundity. Status patterns are viewed as systems of signals communicating differential tendencies among individuals to attack or retreat, and a simple graphical model is presented which relates the costs or benefits to fitness of aggressive or appeasement behavior and interindividual distance. Primate societies are classified on the basis of their dominance hierarchies, and the ecological correlates of these patterns are discussed. Based on hypotheses presented in the paper, topics for future research are suggested.