Geospace Research (United States)

La Cueva del Niño (Aýna) alberga arte rupestre paleolítico en un entorno de materiales calcareníticos. Su microclima presenta tres zonas térmicas: la heterotérmica, influida por el clima exterior; la de inercia térmica, con temperatura estable en invierno; y una de transición, regulada por la ventilación. En invierno, la cueva actúa como trampa de calor, retiene calor y humedad, mientras que en verano la circulación convectiva homogeniza la temperatura y reduce la humedad relativa. Estos procesos favorecen la formación de concreciones carbonatadas por evapocondensación, que pueden afectar a la conservación del arte rupestre. La interacción de estos factores resalta la necesidad de una gestión integral para preservar su equilibrio ambiental.

Whitepaper #072 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: space weather applications; basic research. Additional topics: space weather research/operations/research loop; other basic research; other space weather; system science.

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Quantification of energetic electron precipitation caused by wave-particle interactions is fundamentally important to understand the cycle of particle energization and loss of the radiation belts. One important way to determine how well the wave-particle interaction models predict losses through pitch-angle scattering into the atmospheric loss cone is the direct comparison between the ionization altitude profiles expected in the atmosphere due to the precipitating fluxes and the ionization profiles actually measured with incoherent scatter radars. This paper reports such a comparison using a forward propagation of loss-cone electron fluxes, calculated with the electron pitch angle diffusion model applied to Van Allen Probes measurements, coupled with the Boulder Electron Radiation to Ionization (BERI) model, which propagates the fluxes into the atmosphere. The density profiles measured with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar operating in modes especially designed to optimize measurements in the D-region, show multiple instances of quantitative agreement with predicted density profiles from precipitation of electrons caused by wave-particle interactions in the inner magnetosphere. There are two several-minute long intervals of close prediction-observation approximation in the 65-93 km altitude range. These results indicate that the whistler wave-electron interactions models are realistic and produce precipitation fluxes of electrons with energies between 10 keV to >100 keV that are consistent with observations.

Summary Layer Migration will be introduced as an inversion method for gravity gradient data. An initial model of the source mass is iteratively improved using the output of a 3D under surface image. The technique can be considered a hybrid between rapid imaging methods and more rigorous parametric inversion. A key aspect of Layer Migration is that it exploits the non-uniqueness property of gravity inversion solutions so as to be able to test the model at multiple depths without recalculating the under surface image. Results will be shown from application of this method to the task of basement imaging from an airborne FTG (Full Tensor Gravity Gradiometer) survey acquired over the Tatau-Half Grabens area, offshore Sarawak, Malaysia.

Purely physics-driven inversion scheme free of empirical relationships has been developed with the goal of inverting the noise-free PP-gathers for the model parameters, namely the exact ρ - AI - - quadruplet entering Zoeppritz formula. In order to achieve this goal, three scaler-independent angles were observed, two of which for the following conditions hold: 1) RC(θ) = 0, 2) RC(θ) = min. The third angle is the critical angle. Moreover, assuming that the scaler does not depend on the incident angle of the plane wave, it has been shown that its value can be accurately reconstructed.

The land node (also called wireless or cableless) seismic acquisition revolution hit North America in 2008-2009 and very quickly proved to be a technical and economic success. The rationale for the choice to use wireless rather than cable systems has been presented in numerous publications and venues (e.g., Caldwell, 2010; Mougenot et al., 2014; Munoz et al., 2015; Uribe et al., 2016; Yates et al., 2016; Dean et al., 2018), so suffice it to say that increased productivity, reduced costs, comparable or better data quality, and reduced health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risks have catalyzed its acceptance by the industry, particularly in North America, but also in Europe. Furthermore, the wireless systems are evolving to address what some have perceived as the inherent weaknesses of these systems: the inability to provide sufficient information in real-time about the status of the live spread of receiver stations, and to deliver in real-time substantial amounts of seismic data. It has taken longer for wireless systems to make significant inroads in other places in the world outside of North America, but that has been in the process of changing over the last few years. One place in particular where that has been changing is South America. In a geographic area where seismic activity has not been that strong over the last 5-6 years, at least 23 seismic surveys (9 2D and 14 3D) have been acquired since the beginning of 2011 using wireless acquisition systems. This paper describes how quality checking (QC) during acquisition operations was accomplished for a node system (Geospace GSX) used to acquire two 3D surveys by SAExploration for Hocol in Colombia in 2016 and 2017.

In this paper discussed about the fabrication PbZrTiO/sub 3/ film for switch. This fabricated switches were tested and resonance frequency measurements also carried out.