Gesellschaft für Hochschulforschung

BackgroundAlthough cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) changes early, their invasiveness and cost limit widespread use. Blood‐based metabolite measures, reflecting real‐time physiological states, may offer a non‐invasive alternative for early AD detection and monitoring.MethodUsing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we measured 249 plasma metabolites via NMR spectroscopy and identified those significantly altered in AD compared to controls. We then applied Discriminative Event‐Based Modeling (DEBM) to estimate the temporal sequence of AD‐related blood metabolites alongside CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total tau, phosphorylated tau). To validate these findings, we conducted longitudinal analyses assessing cross‐correlation with cognitive performance, mixed‐effects models relating baseline metabolites to changes in cognition over 72 months, and longitudinal mediation analyses to examine causal pathways.ResultEight plasma metabolites were significantly altered in AD (Tab. 1). DEBM indicated that two metabolite ratios—phospholipids to total lipids in medium HDL and in large LDL—potentially preceded or coincided with CSF Aβ42 (Figure 1). Cross‐correlation analyses showed both baseline CSF Aβ42 and these metabolite ratios were most strongly associated with executive function and memory at 24 months (Figure 2). Linear mixed models revealed that higher phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL was linked to better cognition and slower cognitive decline. Longitudinal mediation analysis further supported a pathway where the medium HDL ratio preceded CSF Aβ42, which in turn influenced cognitive decline.ConclusionOur results suggest that specific HDL lipid composition changes may occur very early in the AD cascade, slightly before or concurrent with CSF Aβ42 alterations. These findings support the potential utility of blood metabolite measures, particularly the phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL, as early AD biomarkers. Further research and replication in independent cohorts are needed to confirm these observations and advance non‐invasive AD screening.

Gold glyconanoparticles (GlycoNPs) are full of promise in areas like biomedicine, biotechnology and materials science due to their amazing physical, chemical and biological properties. Here, siRNA GlycoNPs (AuNP@PEG@Glucose@siRNA) in comparison with PEGylated GlycoNPs (AuNP@PEG@Glucose) were applied in vitro to a luciferase-CMT/167 adenocarcinoma cancer cell line and in vivo via intratracheal instillation directly into the lungs of B6 albino mice grafted with luciferase-CMT/167 adenocarcinoma cells. siRNA GlycoNPs but not PEGylated GlycoNPs induced the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Fas/CD95 and caspases 3 and 9 in CMT/167 adenocarcinoma cells in a dose dependent manner, independent of the inflammatory response, evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage cell counting. Moreover, in vivo pulmonary delivered siRNA GlycoNPs were capable of targeting c-Myc gene expression (a crucial regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis) via in vivo RNAi in tumour tissue, leading to an ∼80% reduction in tumour size without associated inflammation.

Abstract Die Zusammensetzung des Aerosols und seine physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften beeinflussen seine Wirkungen auf die Chemie der Atmosphäre, das Klima der Erde und die menschliche Gesundheit. Die in der Atmosphäre vorliegenden Partikel werden entweder durch anthropogene und natürliche Quellen direkt in die Atmosphäre emittiert (Primärpartikel), oder aus anorganischen Spurengasen oder gasförmigen organischen Substanzen gebildet (Sekundärpartikel). Sobald Partikel in der Luft sind, können sich ihre Größe, Zusammensetzung und Konzentration aufgrund vielfältiger Prozesse verändern. Die wichtigsten Prozesse sind Koagulation, Gas‐Partikel‐Verteilung, Partikel‐Phasen Chemie (z.B. Oxidation, Polymerisation) und Deposition. Neben einigen anorganischen Spurenkomponenten bestehen troposphärische Partikel im Allgemeinen aus Sulfat, Nitrat, Ammonium, Metallen, Wasser sowie elementarem Kohlenstoff (EC) und organischem Kohlenstoff (OC). Obwohl in jüngster Zeit wesentliche Fortschritte in der Charakterisierung von Aerosolen gemacht wurden, sind die Kenntnisse über die Eigenschaften und die Zusammensetzung der Aerosolpartikel noch relativ gering. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Zusammensetzung der organischen Fraktion der Partikel die einen starken Einfluss auf die physikochemischen, klima‐ und gesundheitsrelevanten Eigenschaften der Partikel hat.

Angewandte ChemieVolume 115, Issue 14 p. 1602-1603 Buchbesprechung Buchbesprechung: Naturally Dangerous Surprising Facts About Food, Health, and the Environment. Von James P. Collman Dieter Lenoir, Dieter Lenoir GSF Forschungszentrum Neuherberg bei MünchenSearch for more papers by this author Dieter Lenoir, Dieter Lenoir GSF Forschungszentrum Neuherberg bei MünchenSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 April 2003 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200390350Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionAdd to favorites ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume115, Issue14April 11, 2003Pages 1602-1603 This is the German version of Angewandte Chemie. Note for articles published since 1962: Do not cite this version alone. Take me to the International Edition version with citable page numbers, DOI, and citation export. We apologize for the inconvenience. RelatedInformation

Colombini, Sandra1; Monini, Paolo2; Stürzl, Michael3; Goletti, Delia2; Cafaro, Aurelio2; Sgadari, Cecilia2; Buttò, Stefano2; Franco, Marina2; Leone, Patrizia2; Leone, Pasqualina2; Melucci-Vigo, Gianna2; Ascherl, Gudrun3; Ramazzotti, Eric1; Andreoni, Massimo4; Rezza, Gianni2; Yarchoan, Robert5; Ensoli, Barbara2 Author Information

Composting is an aerob process. Aerob microorganismens need at least an oxygen-concentration of 3 Vol.–% to take part on the degradation of organic matter. If the oxygen-concentration is getting too low, anaerobic organismens become dominant. They produce oder and greenhouse gases. To avoid this effect all instruments must be used to increae the O2–concentration in the plant.