Gestione Sistemi per l’Informatica (Italy)

This paper presents the extended activities undertaken to implement and validate the OVEST (Optimal Verification of Smart Tunnels) model on a road tunnel currently in service in Italy. OVEST models tunnel lighting systems (LSs) on the plane of energy consumption and lighting performance. In collaboration with ANAS S.p.A, the largest Italian road management company, a pilot case was carried out with the following objectives: to validate the effectiveness of OVEST in providing field data useful for reducing electric energy consumption, ensuring driving safety, and guiding maintenance management decisions. Additionally, a new, structurally accurate digital twin was deployed from as-built documentation, integrating daytime, nighttime and emergency lighting. A structured tuning process, based on field measurements, was applied to minimize discrepancies between simulated and measured illuminance values. The steps followed to implement the pilot case are detailed, starting from the selection of a tunnel in service, the modeling, to the selection, installation, and SCADA-integration of illuminance sensors. These advancements demonstrate OVEST's capability to support energy-efficient operation, safety compliance, and maintenance decision-making through both digital-twin validation and on-site monitoring.

Abstract We prove that the Robin eigenfunctions on convex domains of $$\mathbb {R}^n$$ R n are $$H^2$$ H 2 -regular regardless of the sign of the parameter involved in the boundary conditions. The proof is an adaptation of a classical argument used in the case of positive parameters combined with a Rellich-Pohozaev identity.

This paper summarizes the main results obtained in the last 15 years at the High Voltage Padova Test Facilities dedicated to support the design and the commissioning of the ITER Neutral Beam injector.Several experiments and tests in High Voltage Direct Current were performed in high and medium vacuum on electrodes separated by gaps, from a few mm up to 150 mm, and with voltages up to 800 kVdc. Different types of surface finishing, electrodic configurations, surface treatments and coatings were tested with the aim to gain knowledge on the several aspects influencing the de voltage holding in high vacuum.Systematic tests were performed in high vacuum on stainless steel electrodes to validate a probabilistic model to predict the maximum voltage of a generic-shape, multielectrode systems isolated by high vacuum gaps. Such tests have confirmed the existence of a marked “total voltage effect” from gap lengths larger than few centimeters. Tests in Ar, H2 and N2, were carried out to characterize the “pressure effect” corresponding to the voltage holding increase observable in medium vacuum until the left side of the Paschen curve is reached. Furthermore, the effect of the application of a static magnetic field on the Townsend discharge and how the Paschen curve is consequently modified was clarified experimentally. Endurance tests have been performed by applying stationary electric fields, up to $60 \mathrm{kV} / \mathrm{mm}$, for several days on stainless steel electrodes. These tests made it possible to observe the irreversible switch-on phenomena with currents of tens of microA on electrodes separated by $\mathbf{1 ~ m m}$ gaps.Experimental evidences regarding the spatial distribution of the power dissipated during micro-discharges in high vacuum, have been explained by the existence of charged particles accumulation points in case of electrodes separated by large vacuum gaps. A mutual exchange of charged particles between electrodes seems a reasonable physical mechanism to interpret the experimental observations. An intense development activity on the X-ray detectors has been carried out. A spectral and intensity measurement system of the X rays emission produced by the bremsstrahlung radiation has been developed which allows continuously monitoring the state of the electrode conditioning without interfering with the test in progress and without inserting any device in vacuum. The analysis of X-rays emitted on time scales of the order of microseconds has made it possible to identify, in a large number of the observed vacuum discharges ($\approx \mathbf{4 0 \%}$), that bursts of electrons impinging the anodic surface are the breakdown precursors. The consequent Electron Stimulated Desorption of gas from the anodic surface have been considered a key player in the development of the electrical discharge and in the collapse of the voltage between the electrodes. Finally, tests have been carried out on solid insulators, optical fibers and spark gaps. A review concerning the lessons learned, the open issues and the next activities is also presented.

The contaminationof natural basins by agricultural orindustrialactivities, and the growing need for potable water due to climatechanges accelerate the drive to find versatile, fast, practical, andeasy-to-use methods for water analysis. A potentially versatile techniquesuitable for water analysis is Raman Spectroscopy (RS). Featured bygood resolution but low sensitivity, RS detects molecular vibrationalmodes of an analyte in water. Nitrate is an indicator of chemicaland/or biological pollution, it displays Raman active vibrationalmodes affected by the interaction with other systems in solution,allowing a wide range of applications. Concerning Nitrate analysisin water, a general introduction to the Raman effect and the basicinstrumentation were herein discussed. RS is a potential solutionto wastewater analysis. This review first reports the theoreticalbackground of the technique and its basic working principles, then,the state-of-the-art scientific contributions related to Nitrate detectionare investigated with a particular interest in the instrumental setupand the chemometric techniques employed to improve its sensitivity.In the studies hereby considered, instrumental setup (for example,laser frequency, laser power, acquisition times) and different technicalsolutions (for example, micro- versus macro-Raman instruments) toincrease the technique’s sensitivity on Nitrate detection aredescribed. Concisely, the use of deep-UV lasers, optically activeSurface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) or Fiber-Enhanced Ramanspectroscopy (FERS) equipment, coupled with instrumental settings,i.e. acquisition time, variable temperature of acquisition, use ofspecial sampling apparatus (cuvettes or immersion probes), or withion exchange resins for analyte enrichment, have been reported. Remarkably,examples of large data correction of unwanted fluorescence by mathematicalprocessing or chemical quenching were reported too, suggesting solutionsfor the Raman analysis of wastewaters. Finally, a short digressionon Machine Learning (ML) applied to RS is proposed, showing the promisingresults reported in other fields. Data-driven methods could be a solutionto improve the low sensitivity of the RS for Nitrate detection. Hence,an approach of ML methods for the typical RS spectra processing (spikeremoval, baseline correction, fluorescence curve elimination, instrumentalnoise correction) was hereby mentioned, suggesting an improvementin the detection capability of Nitrate ion in water.

Context. One of the principal challenges in astrophysics involves the classification of galaxies based on their activity. Currently, the characterization of galactic activity usually requires multiple diagnostics to fully cover the diverse spectrum of galaxy activity types. Additionally, the presence of multiple sources of excitation with similar observational signatures hinders the exploration of the activity of a galaxy. Aims. In this study our objective is to develop an activity diagnostic tool that addresses the degeneracy inherent in the existing emission line diagnostics by identifying the underlying excitation mechanisms of the principal components of a mixed-activity galaxy (star formation, active nucleus, or old stellar populations) and identifying the dominant ones. Methods. We utilized the random forest machine-learning algorithm, trained on three primary activity classes: star-forming, active galactic nucleus (AGN), and passive; these classes represent the three key gas excitation mechanisms. This diagnostic relies on four discriminating features: the equivalent widths of three spectral lines, [O III] λ5007, [N II] λ6584, and Hα, along with the D4000 continuum break index. Results. We find that this classifier achieves almost perfect performance scores in the principal activity classes. In particular, the achieved overall accuracy is ∼99%, while the recall scores are ∼100% for star-forming, ∼98% for AGN, and ∼99% for passive. The nearly perfect scores achieved enable the decomposition of mixed-activity classes into the three primary gas excitation mechanisms with high confidence, thereby resolving the degeneracy inherent in current activity classification methods. Furthermore, we find that our classifier scheme can be simplified to a two-dimensional diagnostic diagram of D4000 index versus the log10(EW([O III])2) line without significant loss of its diagnostic power. Conclusions. We introduce a diagnostic capable of classifying galaxies based on their primary gas excitation mechanisms. Simultaneously, it can deconstruct the activity of mixed-activity galaxies into these principal components. This diagnostic encompasses the entire range of galaxy activity. Additionally, the D4000 index serves as a valuable indicator for resolving the degeneracy among various activity components by estimating the age of the stellar populations within a galaxy.

Abstract We consider Campanato spaces with exponents on domains of class in theN‐dimensional Euclidean space endowed with a natural anisotropic metric depending on . We discuss several results including the appropriate Campanato's embedding theorem and we prove that functions of those spaces can be extended to the whole of the Euclidean space without deterioration of the exponents .

Let G be the alternating group of degree n. Let ω(G) be the maximal size of a subset S of G such that 〈x,y〉=G whenever x,y∈S and x≠y and let σ(G) be the minimal size of a family of proper subgroups of G whose union is G. We prove that, when n varies in the family of composite numbers, σ(G)/ω(G) tends to 1 as n→∞. Moreover, we explicitly calculate σ(An) for n≥21 congruent to 3 modulo 18.

mecanismo, avaliando a adequação do sumário de Burge.O exato papel explicativo das constâncias

Abstract In this paper we study a Blind Source Separation (BSS) problem, and in particular we deal with document restoration. We consider the classical linear model. To this aim, we analyze the derivatives of the images instead of the intensity levels. Thus, we establish non-overlapping constraints on document sources. Moreover, we impose that the rows of the mixture matrices of the sources have sum equal to 1, in order to keep equal the lightnesses of the estimated sources and those of the data. Here we give a technique which uses the symmetric factorization, whose goodness is tested by the experimental results.KeywordsBlind source separationImage restorationDocument restorationImage derivativeSymmetric factorization