Gifu Prefecture General Education Center

Ungulates exhibit various and persistent behavioral responses to anthropogenic disturbance. However, information about natural behavior of sika deer with regard to their flight response is lacking. To clarify the effects of internal and external factors on the flight response of sika deer, it is crucial to initially evaluate this response in areas with low anthropogenic disturbance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the flight distance (FD) of sika deer in response to human presence on a forest road and clarify the influences of both internal and external factors on FD. Although there was no significant difference in the number of deer observed per 1 km between the fawn-rearing and rutting seasons, the numbers of males and females significantly varied seasonally, with more females observed in the fawn-rearing and more males in rutting season. FD was significantly influenced by herd composition, herd size, deer positioning, and terrain ruggedness index, indicating that females with fawn, larger herds, and deer in uphill or areas with high terrain ruggedness index tended to flee farther distances. Consequently, given the influences of internal and external factors on FD, as demonstrated in the present study, continuous monitoring of FD could provide valuable insights into wildlife management.

The placement of plastic stents (PS), including intraductal PS (IS), is useful in patients with unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction (UMHBO) because of patency and ease of endoscopic reintervention (ERI). However, the optimal stent replacement method for PS remains unclear. This retrospective study included 322 patients with UMHBO. Among them, 146 received PS placement as initial drainage (across-the-papilla PS [aPS], 54; IS, 92), whereas 75 required ERI. Eight bilateral aPS, 21 bilateral IS, and 17 bilateral self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placements met the inclusion criteria. Rates of technical and clinical success, adverse events, recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), time to RBO (TRBO), overall survival, and secondary ERI were compared. There were no significant intergroup differences in rates of technical or clinical success, adverse events, RBO occurrence, oroverall survival. The median TRBO was significantly shorter in theaPS group (47 days) than IS (91 days; P = 0.0196) and SEMS (143 days; P < 0.01) groups. Median TRBO did not differ significantly between the IS and SEMS groups (P = 0.44). On Cox multivariate analysis, the aPS group had the shortest stent patency (hazard ratio 2.67 [95% confidence interval 1.05-6.76], P = 0.038). For secondary ERI, the median endoscopic procedure time was significantly shorter in the IS (22 min) vs. SEMS (40 min) group (P = 0.034). Bilateral IS and SEMS placement featured prolonged patency after first ERI. Because bilateral IS placement is faster than SEMS placement and IS can be removed during secondary ERI, it may be a good option for first ERI.

In case of single fetal death in monochorionic twin pregnancy, it is suspected that the surviving fetus becomes hypovolemic. However, there is no report of any evidence of fetal circulatory insufficiency in such cases. We present a case of a single fetal death in a monochorionic twin pregnancy with type-3 selective intrauterine growth restriction that involved low fractional shortening, high myocardial performance index, elevated pulsatility index in the middle cerebral artery, and fetal ascites. After immediate intrauterine transfusion, each parameter improved promptly. The surviving baby grew up without cardiac and neurological complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that describes transient circulatory insufficiency and decreased cardiac function of the surviving fetus. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

The fatigue behaviour of newly developed Mg2Si-dispersed magnesium (Mg) alloys produced by solid-state synthesis was studied. Rotary bending fatigue tests have been performed using smooth specimens of materials produced with fine and coarse AZ31 alloy powders. Both Mg2Si-dispersed Mg alloys exhibited lower fatigue strength than a conventional extruded AZ31 alloy and the powder size dependence of fatigue strength was clearly recognized, where the material produced with fine alloy powder showed considerably higher fatigue strength than the counterpart. Fatigue cracks invariably initiated at large Mg2Si particles immediately after cyclic loading was applied and subsequent small crack growth was faster than the extruded AZ31 alloy. It was concluded that the lower fatigue strength of Mg2Si-dispersed Mg alloys was attributed to premature crack initiation at Mg2Si particles and faster small crack growth, and the observed powder size dependence of fatigue strength was due to difference in the size of the particle from which the crack initiated.

Background The rate of incidence of tuberculosis is higher in Japan than in other advanced countries, such as the United States 1) 2) . Therefore, is necessary to develop a countermeasure against tuberculosis in Japan. When a tuberculosis patient is discovered, the persons who have been in close contact with that patient are also examined for tuberculosis, in accordance with the law 3) . Tuberculin testing is performed on those persons under thirty years of age for the diagnosis of unapparent tuberculosis and when it is determined to be strongly positive, anti-tuberculosis medication is administered to prevent further development of the disease 4) . However, this test can sometimes becomes positive in persons who have received Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinations, which occurs widely in Japan. The problem with this test is that its specificity is low. Therefore, there is a very high risk that a negative person would be judged positive by this method 5) 6) . Purpose To examine persons who have undergone tuberculin testing with Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (OMURA, Y. 1977-2006; BDORT), and compare the positive rate of the tuberculin test. Object Cases of chest tuberculosis for which the diagnosis was difficult were selected as tuberculosis infection cases. Asymptomatic cases that could be part of a mass outbreak were selected as contact person cases. Method Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium were used as reference control substances (RCS) for BDORT. Chest X-rays were measured with BDORT, and compared with the results of the tuberculin test. Result The cases of tuberculosis infection were 28-year-old woman and a 68-year-old man. The results of M. tuberculosis by BDORT were 7mg (BDORT Unit) and 16mg (BDORT Unit), respectively. M. avium was less than Ing (BDORT Unit). The contact person cases were 32 men and 22 women, with an average age of 15.6 years. Tuberculin testing of the contact person cases indicated no negative cases, 40 positive cases and 14 strongly positive cases. It was determined that prophylactic treatment was necessary for 10 strongly positive cases. However, according to BDORT, all of the cases exhibited less than Ing of M. tuberculosis and M. avium and the likelihood of tuberculosis infection was low. [Consideration] Although the tuberculosis infection level was low, M. tuberculosis was high by BDORT. The QuantiFERON®-TB 2 generation (QFT-2G) test was performed in 10 cases for which prophylactic treatment was considered necessary 7) 8) . All of these cases were judged negative, and prophylactic treatment was not administered. This is a new specific blood test for contact cases of tuberculosis, which can overcome the limitations of the tuberculin test; these results corresponded well to that of BDORT. Conclusion It is effective to judge chest X-rays with BDORT for the diagnosis of the tuberculosis, and this method can reduce unnecessary prophylactic treatments.

Mt. Kohide (Nakatsugawa City, Gifu Prefecture) is located ∼ 7 km north of the Atera fault. A partial collapse of the northwestern flank of Mt. Kohide has exposed a 5-m-wide dyke-like conduit ∼ 15-30 m beneath the extrusive rhyolite lava that was fed by it. The rocks of the extrusive lava and the feeder are nearly aphyric (< 0.5 vol% phenocrysts), biotite-rhyolite (∼ 73 wt% whole-rock SiO2). The extrusive lava yields a K-Ar age of 23.01 ± 0.36 Ma. Within the measurement errors, this age coincides with the previously determined K-Ar ages of biotite-rhyolite dykes intruded along the Atera fault (23-22 Ma) and the rhyolitic welded tuff of the Hachiya formation (∼ 40 km southwest of Mt. Kohide; 22 Ma) as well as the K-Ar and fission track ages of the rift-type alkalic moonstone rhyolites from the Hokuriku area (25-22 Ma). This suggests that rhyolitic volcanism occurred contemporaneously in central Japan between the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene.

学習障害のある子どもへの支援における教育と医療との連携に関する研究である.C県の「ことばの教室」担当教師を対象に, 質問紙調査を行い分析した.その結果, 全体的に連携に対する必要性意識は高いが, 実際の連携経験は少なかった.学習障害のある児童の支援をした経験がある教師は, 経験のない教師より学習障害に関する研修を受けたりアセスメントを行ったりすることに積極的であり, 指導に自信をもち, 連携先に関する情報も多くもっていた.パス解析では, 「教育から医療への援助要請」にいたるパスは, 「研修参加への積極性」, 「保護者・担任との情報交換の活発さ」, 「アセスメント実施頻度の多さ」, 「知識獲得への自発性の高さ」と正の関係が認められた.反対に, 「指導に対する自信の低さ」とは負の関係が認められた.「教育から医療への援助要請」から「教育と医療との双方向的連携」にいたるパスも有意であった.学習障害に関する研修を受講する機会を多く設けることや, アセスメントが適切に行えるような支援を行うことがC県の教育と医療との連携を促進する要因と考えられた.

In order that we do the cause survey of failure accident precisely, we need to accumulate the knowledge regarding the detailed fracture information in the failure accident that occurred in the past time. Last year. two accidents occurred in a railroad. One was the damage of two truck bolts. The other was the damage of a brake shoe. As a result of the fractography, the cause of the truck bolt's damage was fretting fatigue destruction. Also, it understood the cause of the brake shoe's damage that is a heat crack the fatigue destruction as an origin. In this paper, we described the fracture structure that was observed with those fracture analyses.