GoHypersonic (United States)

A multi-physics framework was developed to enable modeling of complex and coupled ablation problems. A methodology for modeling shape change in coupled systems is presented. The approach taken to model gas-surface interactions and translate coupled surface phenomena to physically meaningful boundary conditions in the distinct solvers is discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the nature of coupled boundary conditions pertaining to surface energy and mass balances, as well as surface chemistry modeling. The developed methodology is used to simulate a shear test in arc-jet conditions to assess the validity of the coupled approach and the implementation of the relevant physical processes.

The goal of this research was to examine the moderating effect of work recovery strategies on the relationship between occupational stress experienced by firefighters and mental health symptoms. Work recovery strategies were identified through semistructured interviews with 20 firefighters and a literature search on recovery strategies. A total of 7 work recovery strategies emerged using the 2 methods: work-related talks, stress-related talks, time with coworkers/supervisor, exercise, recreational activities, relaxation, and mastery experiences. Using a prospective study design with a 1-month time interval in a sample of 268 firefighters, experienced occupational stress at Time 1 was positively related to mental health symptoms at Time 2. In addition, with the exception of spending time with coworkers/supervisor, exercise and mastery experiences, recovery strategies at Time 1 were negatively related to mental health symptoms at Time 2. Lastly, all work recovery strategies, except stress-related talks and relaxation, moderated the relationship between experienced occupational stress at Time 1 and mental health symptoms at Time 2. Specifically, the positive relationship between experienced occupational stress and mental health symptoms was stronger when firefighters engaged in low, rather than high, work recovery strategies. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Research conducted on workplace incivility-a low intensity form of deviant behavior-has generally shown that women report higher levels of incivility at work. However, to date, it is unclear as to whether women are primarily treated uncivilly by men (i.e., members of the socially dominant group/out-group) or other women (i.e., members of in-group) in organizations. In light of different theorizing surrounding gender and incivility, we examine whether women experience increased incivility from other women or men, and whether this effect is amplified for women who exhibit higher agency and less communion at work given that these traits and behaviors violate stereotypical gender norms. Across three complementary studies, results indicate that women report experiencing more incivility from other women than from men, with this effect being amplified for women who are more agentic at work. Further, agentic women who experience increased female-instigated incivility from their coworkers report lower well-being (job satisfaction, psychological vitality) and increased work withdrawal (turnover intentions). Theoretical implications tied to gender and incivility are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Burnout is prevalent among mental health providers and is associated with significant employee, consumer, and organizational costs. Over the past 35 years, numerous intervention studies have been conducted but have yet to be reviewed and synthesized using a quantitative approach. To fill this gap, we performed a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of burnout interventions for mental health workers. We completed a systematic literature search of burnout intervention studies that spanned more than 3 decades (1980 to 2015). Each eligible study was independently coded by 2 researchers, and data were analyzed using a random-effects model with effect sizes based on the Hedges' g statistic. We computed an overall intervention effect size and performed moderator analyses. Twenty-seven unique samples were included in the meta-analysis, representing 1,894 mental health workers. Interventions had a small but positive effect on provider burnout (Hedges' g = .13, p = .006). Moderator analyses suggested that person-directed interventions were more effective than organization-directed interventions at reducing emotional exhaustion (Qbetween = 6.70, p = .010) and that job training/education was the most effective organizational intervention subtype (Qbetween = 12.50, p < .001). Lower baseline burnout levels were associated with smaller intervention effects and accounted for a significant proportion of effect size variability. The field has made limited progress in ameliorating mental health provider burnout. Based on our findings, we suggest that researchers implement a wider breadth of interventions that are tailored to address unique organizational and staff needs and that incorporate longer follow-up periods. (PsycINFO Database Record

Purpose Amazon Mechanical Turk is an increasingly popular data source in the organizational psychology research community. This paper presents an evaluation of MTurk and provides a set of practical recommendations for researchers using MTurk.

The boundary-layer transition and stability characteristics of sharp cones at angle-of-attack are investigated with measurements at Mach 10 in the Arnold Engineering Development Complex (AEDC) Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel 9 on a 1.5-m long, 7-deg cone at unit Reynolds numbers between 1.8 and 15 million per meter. The transition location is determined with coaxial thermocouples and temperature sensitive paint, and stability measurements are obtained using high-frequency response pressure sensors. The measurements are used to validate the STABL-3D linear stability theory (LST) code at angles-of-attack up to 6-deg. The computations are found to reproduce the experimental trends regarding the effect of angle-of-attack on the growth of 2 mode waves. The amplitude of the 2 mode waves near breakdown on the leeward and windward meridians scale linearly with edge Mach number. The initial amplitudes estimated using linear stability computations are found to scale with Pitot noise in the unstable 2 mode frequency band. Linear stability computations along with the ability to correlate initial 2 mode amplitudes to tunnel noise and to correlate maximum 2 mode amplitudes to edge Mach number enables the use of Mack’s amplitude method to predict 2 mode transition. This methodology is investigated to accurately predict sharp cone boundary layer transition at 0-deg AoA. Extension to sharp cones at angle-of-attack is expected to be straightforward.

When Stephen Toulmin wrote Uses of Argument in 1958, the modern age was in full bloom and television was in its infancy. Today, however, most scholars argue that we now live in a postmodern age, thanks in great part to the emergence of television as the primary communication medium in developed nations. Argumentation scholars have responded to these developments in a number of ways. Goodnight, for instance, posits that our more complex contemporary world has spawned three spheres of argument: the personal, the technical, and the public. erosion of public argument, he claims, is due to the privileging of the technical and personal that occurs in a world fragmented with specialties. Willard (Argumentation; Theory), meanwhile, suggests that argumentation scholars should explore the multiple interpretations of argument possible by the existence of multiple frames of reference in a postmodern age. These and other responses, however, do not explore directly how public officials argue through the media to postmodern audiences. Jamieson (Eloquence) examines how the rhetorical style of public officials has changed in an electronic age, but she does not delve into the changes in argumentative style wrought by the new age. Her thesis, though, that whether it be through brief campaign commercials, decreasingly brief sound bites on the evening news, or appearances on talk shows in which topics change every few minutes, public figures' pronouncements are transmitted to audiences through media and in condensed forms, equally applies to the arguments found in those pronouncements. Understanding how these arguments are structured is an important step toward revising a conception of public argument that has evolved much more slowly than has public discourse itself. Such an exploration, which I initiate here, must begin with an understanding of how audiences in postmodern societies process condensed, mediated arguments. Ironically, today's postmodern audiences process arguments in a manner eerily similar to the classical audiences of ancient Greece. implications of this notion on public argument raise some troublesome issues, only a few of which I can attempt to answer here. To develop these issues in further detail, I first compare the processing of postmodern and classical audiences. Next, I illustrate these theoretical similarities with a brief analysis of the rhetoric of David Duke. Then, I conclude with a discussion of the implications of this theoretical outlook. Convergence of Postmodern and Classical Theories postmodern condition, claims Collins, features a plethora of signs and symbols that circulate within a culture. One of the key preconditions of the postmodern condition is the proliferation of signs and their endless circulation, generated by the technological developments associated with the information explosion (cable television, VCRs, digital recording, computers, etcetera) (Collins 331). McGee calls these floating symbols fragments, and argues that contemporary audiences primarily process new combinations of these previously articulated fragments. The apparently finished discourse is in fact a dense reconstruction of all the bits of other discourses from which it was made (McGee, 279). Similarly, Collins calls this process the comprehension of the already said in new forms. What is postmodern in all of this is the simultaneity of these competing forms of rearticulation - the 'already said' is being constantly recirculated, but from very different perspectives ranging from nostalgic reverence to vehement attack or a mixture of these strategies (Collins 333). Postmodernism appears on television in a variety of forms, from self-reflexive prime-time programming (S. Olson) to network news reporters dishing up stories about how politicians attempt to manipulate those stories. Television, as a less-than-linear medium, is an ideal vehicle for postmodern communication. …