Golmud People's Hospital

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) fertilization is considered a powerful alternative approach to restore degraded alpine meadows. However, whether the form of available N matters and its efficiency along a degradation gradient remains largely unexplored. A four‐year N addition experiment with different available N forms (NH 4 + ‐N, NO 3 − ‐N, and Glycine) was carried out on the undegraded, moderately (MD) and severely degraded (SD) alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. Plant aboveground productivity was greatly increased in undegraded and MD alpine meadows but belowground productivity was enhanced in SD alpine meadow, especially in the two inorganic N treatments. When inorganic N was added, plants accumulated more N compared to the control in undegraded alpine meadow. Plants accumulated more N in the MD alpine meadow than in the undegraded alpine meadow in all forms of N addition treatments as the plant N uptake rate was almost doubled in the MD alpine meadow when N was added. In the SD alpine meadow, most of the added N moved to the microbial N pool with the largest increase observed in the NO 3 − ‐N treatment. Leaching remained almost unchanged in NH 4 + ‐N and Glycine in undegraded and MD alpine meadows but increased in the SD alpine meadow, especially in the NO 3 − ‐N treatment. However, leaching was low, accounting for less than 5% of the added N even in the SD alpine meadow. Our results indicate (1) the added N was mostly up taken and retained in plants or microorganisms regardless of N forms, (2) inorganic N is more efficient in increasing plant productivity for MD but not for SD alpine meadow, (3) fertilization using inorganic N to restore the degraded alpine meadow is efficient for MD but not for SD alpine meadows.

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of self-management in senile patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) from different nationalities of Qinghai province, so as to provide a basis for nurses to provide self-management education. Methods From March 2016 to December 2016, a total of 450 senile inpatients were selected with CHF from Golmud city, Haidong city, Xining city in Qinghai Province via convenience sampling. The current status was investigated with the general information questionnaire, self-management Scale of Heart Failure Patients, Heart Failure Knowledge Test (HFKT) , Chronic Disease Self-efficacy Scale. We carried out statistics in the score of self-management, conditions of heart failure knowledge and status of self-efficacy. The multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of self-management. Results The score of self-management of senile patients with CHF in Qinghai Province was (47.1±9.5) with a low level. There were statistically significant differences in the score of self-management of patients among different nationalities from high to low scores including the Han nationality (49.9±8.1) , Mongolian nationality (45.2±5.1) , the Zang nationality (43.7±10.1) , the Hui nationality (42.1±10.5) and other minority nationalities (37.6±8.8) respectively (F=16.95, P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression showed that the influencing factors of self-management included ages, cardiac functional grading, course of disease, heart failure knowledge and self-efficacy. Conclusions The self-management of senile patients with CHF is affected by physiologic and psychological factors. Nursed should provide self-management education taking patients' cultural background into consideration. Key words: Heart failure; Aged; Self-management; Influencing factors