Gono University

Abstract Study design Cross-sectional study. Objectives To investigate the relationships between family functioning, social participation, and social support among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Bangladesh. Methods It was conducted from November 2023 to April 2024, involving 252 adults with SCI aged 18 years or older, residing in community settings. Participants were selected from the Bangladesh Spinal Cord Injury (BanSCI) database. Data were collected using validated tools: the Family Assessment Device General Functioning (FAD-GF) subscale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Participation Scale (P-scale). Results The study population was predominantly male (81%), with 70.28% having paraplegia and 29.82% having tetraplegia. Perceived social support—particularly from family (ρ = − 0.641, p < 0.001)—showed the strongest negative correlation with better family functioning, followed by significant others (ρ = − 0.440, p < 0.001) and total support (ρ = − 0.372, p < 0.001) Social support modestly correlated with fewer participation restrictions (total MSPSS: ρ = − 0.202, p = 0.001; friends: ρ = − 0.237, p < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression, family support was the strongest independent predictor of better family functioning (B = − 4.077, p < 0.001). Conclusion Better family support significantly improves family functioning, while social support has only a modest impact on reducing participation restrictions among individuals with spinal cord injury in Bangladesh.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major metabolic disorder frequently associated with abnormalities in other endocrine systems, particularly the thyroid gland. Thyroid dysfunction may adversely affect glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular risk, yet comparative data between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals remain limited in many populations. Objective: To evaluate and compare thyroid function parameters and the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic individuals, and to assess their association with glycemic control and sex. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between June and August 2024. A total of 200 adults were enrolled, including 100 patients with T2DM and 100 non-diabetic controls. Fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, serum creatinine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured. Thyroid dysfunction was categorized as subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Patients with T2DM had significantly higher fasting glucose (156.4 ± 38.2 vs 92.6 ± 10.4 mg/dL), HbA1c (8.4 ± 1.2% vs 5.4 ± 0.4%), and adverse lipid profiles compared to controls (all p < 0.001). Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more prevalent in the T2DM group than in non-diabetic individuals (32.0% vs 14.0%, p = 0.003), with subclinical hypothyroidism being the most common abnormality (22.0%). Mean TSH levels were higher in patients with T2DM (4.2 ± 1.6 vs 2.6 ± 1.1 mIU/L; p < 0.001), while FT4 levels were lower (p = 0.01). Female patients with T2DM showed a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction compared to males (42.9% vs 24.1%, p = 0.04). TSH demonstrated a significant positive correlation with HbA1c (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), while FT4 showed a negative correlation (r = −0.29, p = 0.004); no such associations were observed in non-diabetic individuals. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, is significantly more prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with poorer glycemic control, with a higher burden observed in female patients.

ABSTRACT Oxidative stress and hyperactivation of the renin‒angiotensin‒aldosterone system (RAAS) accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a global health burden. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is a key therapeutic target for CKD. This study uses a computational approach to evaluate Nypa fruticans (NF) as a natural ACE inhibitor. HPLC and GC‒MS analysis identified 36 compounds in NF extracts, with quercetin, rosmarinic acid, and caffeic acid as key bioactive compounds. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity evaluations via SwissADME, pkCSM, and ProTox 3.0, confirmed their drug‐likeness and safety profiles. Molecular docking studies revealed that quercetin and rosmarinic acid exhibited binding affinities of −8.28 and −8.95 kcal/mol with ACE (PDB: 1O86), respectively, outperforming the control, enalapril (−8.1 kcal/mol). Density functional theory (DFT) analysis revealed that rosmarinic acid (0.1342 eV) presented an energy gap similar to that of enalapril (0.1488 eV). In contrast, quercetin presented greater electrophilicity (0.2166 vs. 0.0853 eV), indicating a stronger electron‐accepting potential. Additionally, 100‐ns molecular dynamics simulations and MM‐GBSA analysis confirmed the stable binding of quercetin and rosmarinic acid, supporting their potential as natural antihypertensive agents for CKD management. This study demonstrates the utility of computational drug discovery in identifying plant‐derived candidates for cardiovascular and renal therapy, warranting further mechanistic validation.

This paper presents an innovative framework for real-time human action recognition in video surveillance systems, aimed at delivering immediate detection of suspicious behavior, normal movements, and actionable insights for security operators.The proposed method integrates computer vision and machine learning techniques to improve recognition accuracy and system reliability.Motion analysis is performed using optical flow, where Optical Flow Energy Images (OFEI) are generated to extract motion-related features.A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is utilized to obtain high-dimensional feature representations while reducing dimensionality, and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is trained on these features for robust action classification.The system effectively detects and distinguishes human actions such as walking, looking around, looking up, smashing, and suspicious activities, even under challenging conditions including camera motion, zoom-in, and zoom-out.Experimental evaluations conducted on publicly available human action datasets demonstrate significant improvements in recognition accuracy.Additionally, the system overlays detected actions onto video streams, providing clear and actionable visual feedback to surveillance personnel.Successfully deployed in intelligent video surveillance environments, the proposed framework proves to be scalable, accurate, and effective for identifying abnormal behaviors and generating timely alerts in modern security applications.

Abstract Background Phyllanthus reticulatus commonly known as Pancoli. It is used as a traditional medicinal with properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-HIV-1. Methods Analgesic activity was determined by the acetic acid writhing test and the diuretic activity was assessed in albino mice by measuring urine volume and electrolyte excretion over 24 hours following oral administration. The anti-diarrheal effect was evaluated using the castor oil-induced model, and antimicrobial activity was tested through the disc diffusion method. Results In the analgesic assay, the PRFEE at a dose of 300 mg/kg showed the highest inhibition (89%, 1.50 ± 0.50 writhes, P < 0.001). The diuretic activity assessment indicated a substantial increase in urine output with a dose of 500 mg/kg producing 2.50 ± 0.289 ml of urine (P < 0.001). Additionally, this dose significantly enhanced sodium (133.16 ± 8.186 mmol/L, P < 0.001), Potassium (87.25 ± 3.792 mmol/L, P < 0.001), and chloride (106.79 ± 4.49 mmol/L, P < 0.001) excretion. In the anti-diarrheal study, PRFEE 500 mg/kg achieved 81.82% inhibition reducing stool count to 1 ± 0.408 (P < 0.001), demonstrating strong efficacy. The antimicrobial activity showed a Potent inhibitory effect with a dose of 750 mg/mL, exhibiting inhibition zones of 17 mm ( Escherichia coli ), 15 mm ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) and 19 mm ( Staphylococcus aureus ), comparable to those of kanamycin (16–19 mm). Conclusion The PRFEE exhibited significant Pharmacological effects across all evaluated Parameters.

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the antioxidant and neuropharmacological potentials of methanol extract of Oroxylum indicum bark (MOIB) to advocate the scientific basis of its traditional use in medical folklore. The preliminary phytochemical screening and GC–MS analysis identified twenty phytochemicals in MOIB. Besides, in EPM, MOIB exhibited an increase in time spent and the number of entries in open arms while an enhancement in head dipping was demonstrated by MOIB in HBT compared to control, indicating anxiolytic activities. Furthermore, a dose‐dependent reduction in locomotor activities together with immobility time was revealed by MOIB in the hole cross test, open field test, and tail suspension test, forced swimming test, respectively in comparison to that of control suggesting sedative and antidepressant activities. Again, the molecular docking analysis revealed two compounds CID 550198 and CID 10393 with a good binding affinity to all the targeted receptors together with promising pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles evident from ADME/T analysis. Consequently, the respective molecular dynamic simulation study confirmed the stability of the protein‐ligand complexes. Moreover, two compounds with CID 550198 and CID 10393 might be used as natural lead compounds for the treatment of anxiety, sleep disorders, and depression. Yet, advanced studies are required to reveal the fundamental mechanism of these activities.

Background: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide, and radiotherapy plays a major role in reducing local recurrence and enhancing chances of survival. With advancements in radiation planning, newer techniques such as Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) offer the potential for improved dose conformity and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing compared with conventional Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT). This study compares the dosimetric performance of IMRT and 3DCRT in breast cancer patients in order to determine their relative advantages. Methods: A retrospective dosimetric analysis was conducted on treatment plans generated using IMRT and 3DCRT. Planning Target Volume (PTV) coverage, dose homogeneity, conformity, and doses to critical structures, including the heart, lungs, spinal cord, and contralateral breast were evaluated. Homogeneity Index (HI) and Conformity Index (CI) were calculated and mean, maximum, and minimum dose parameters were compared across interventions. Findings: IMRT demonstrated superior dosimetric performance, demonstrating improved dose homogeneity (mean HI 0.70 ± 0.25 vs. 1.05 ± 0.20 in 3DCRT) and better conformity (CI 0.95 ± 0.10 vs. 0.82 ± 0.12). While PTV coverage was comparable, IMRT achieved significantly lower doses to OARs, including a 28–35% reduction in heart mean dose, notable reductions in ipsilateral and contralateral lung doses, and substantially less scatter dose to the contralateral breast. Spinal cord maximum doses were also lower with IMRT, indicating safer exposure levels. Conclusion: IMRT offers clinically meaningful dosimetric advantages over 3DCRT by enhancing target conformity and reducing radiation to critical structures. These findings support adopting IMRT as a preferred radiotherapy technique for breast cancer, particularly for patients at increased risk of cardiopulmonary toxicity. Further studies incorporating long-term clinical outcomes are recommended.

Morphometry of the proximal end of the femur is important to orthopaedic surgeons for the selection of appropriate size of internal fixators and implants. Similarly, prosthetists need it for designing population specific hip joint prosthesis. Besides, morphometry of the proximal end of the femur shows gender variation, which helps the forensic experts in determination of sex. Moreover, anatomists and anthropologists may use it for the purpose of comparative studies. Therefore, the present study was designed to provide a standard data of different morphometric parameters of the proximal end of the femur in an adult Bangladeshi population through radiographic analysis, and observe differences between male and female, if any. This cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between July 2020 and June 2021. Standardised anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 70 apparently healthy adult Bangladeshi patients (35 male and 35 female) were taken. All were reported as normal by a specialist radiologist. Data was collected in a data sheet. The diameter of the femoral head, width and length of the femoral neck and femoral neck-shaft angle were measured unilaterally using MB ruler software after zooming in and increasing resolution of the radiographs. The mean diameter of the femoral head, length and width of the femoral neck, and femoral neck-shaft angle in our total study population were found 47.67±4.47 mm, 51.44±5.36 mm, 31.90±3.71 mm, and 131.57±3.7° respectively. Sexual dimorphism was observed in the diameter of the femoral head (51.22±2.57 mm vs. 44.13±2.84 mm), length of the femoral neck (53.86±0.97 mm vs. 49.03±4.33 mm), and width of the femoral neck (34.46±2.79 mm vs. 29.59±3.05 mm (p<0.001). However, no difference was found in femoral neck-shaft angle between male and female (132.11±4.04° vs. 131.16±3.69°) (p>0.05). Mugda Med Coll J. 2025; 8(2): 90-95