Gorno-Altaisk State University

This paper aims to study the influence of thunderstorm intensity on forest fire occurrence in the Altai Republic, a region with valuable forest resources and high fire hazard. Given that thunderstorms are one of the main sources of ignition, understanding this relationship is critical for developing effective forest fire prevention and control strategies. The aim of the study is to identify forest management areas in the Altai Republic where the most pronounced correlation between the number of registered forest fires and the frequency of lightning strikes is observed. This will optimize the allocation of resources for instrumental observations of thunderstorm activity, focusing on those areas where the risk of forest fires is highest. To solve this problem, the authors used forest fire data provided by the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the Altai Republic for the period from 2020 to 2024, which provides an up-to-date picture of the fire situation in the region. Additionally, the work used data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network, which contains information about the exact time and coordinates of lightning discharges for the same time period.

The results of the study of the effect of feeding various doses of the feed additive "Sunflower feed fibers" on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of lactating cows of the Blackand-White breed of the Priobsky type in the conditions of the Altai Territory are presented. This feed additive is a by-product in the production of food and feed protein concentrates from sunflower meal; it is distinguished by fairly high nutritional value and possesses sorption activity. Two experimental and one control group of cows of 10 heads each were formed. The animals of the control group received the basic diet; the cows of the 1st experimental group received an additional 0.5 kg, and the analogues of the 2nd experimental group received 1.0 kg of the studied feed additive. The duration of the experiment was 60 days. It was revealed that by feeding the cows of the experimental groups with the feed additive, at the end of the experiment, the reserve alkalinity of the blood serum was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher compared to the control (by 8.2–13 .1%) and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower cholesterol levels (by 8.8–15.2%) were observed. The cows of the 2nd experimental group had a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher content of erythrocytes in the blood than in the control (by 24.2%), and the animals of the 1st experimental group had a higher level of creatinine in the blood serum by 19.4% (p ≤ 0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase by 22.5% (p ≤ 0.05). The dynamics of the changes in hematological and biochemical blood parameters indicate the optimization of metabolic processes in the body of the animals under the influence of feeding with the studied feed additive.

An assessment of power-transformer overload in the power system of the Altai Republic and the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPS resulting from geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) has been performed. A unit for measuring GICs in the Altai Republic’s energy system and the GIC measurement results in the spring and summer of 2024 are presented. A physicomathematical model has been developed that makes it possible to calculate GICs based on data obtained from the Baigazan magnetic station. The results of direct measurements are qualitatively consistent with the results obtained in the course of simulation. By using the model, a theoretical assessment of the GICs at the substations of the 500-kV power-transmission line between the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPS and the Novokuznetsk HVS has been performed. For the case of the strongest magnetic storm in 20 years on May 10–11, 2024, the calculated values of the GIC amounted to about 100 and 50 A. Based on literature data and the measurements performed with the use of a testing bench, estimates have been made for the increase in the open-circuit current of power transformers owing to GICs at the Ininskaya high-voltage substation (HVS) in the Altai Republic power system (7%), Novokuznetsk HVS (14 A, 1500%), and Sayano-Shushenskaya HPS (20 A, 1000%) are given. It is concluded that these power systems are resistant with respect to such impacts.

Introduction. One of the traditional tasks of biological anthropology is the study of the morphological status of the indigenous populations. Our aim was to study the somatic status and bioimpedance body composition of young men of Altai and Russian ethnicities aged 17–24 years living in urban and rural areas of the Altai Republic. Materials and methods. In 2021–2023, 167 men aged 17 to 24 years (87 Altai-Kizhi and 80 Russians) living in urban and rural areas were examined. The examination program included anthropometry, the Heath-Carter somatotyping, and BIA. Ethnic differences and urban-rural differences were assessed using parametric and non-parametric methods. Results. Ethnically Russian men were, in general, somewhat larger than the Altai men. Significant ethnic differences were found for Ht (174.7 and 172.3 cm), Wt (72.2 and 66.8 kg), BMI (23.6 and 22.5 kg/m2), WC (79.6 and 76.9 cm) and HC (95.5 and 92.4 cm). Significant ethnic differences were also observed for the mesomorphy rating (5.44 and 4.96), the resistance R50 (521.4 and 541.3 Ohms), phase angle (7.35 and 7.08 degrees), FFM (55.1 and 50.9 kg) and FFMi (18.0 and 17.1 kg/m2). The distributions of the somatotype in the subgroups of Altai and Russian men were close, with a predominance of the mesomorphic type. In both ethnic subgroups, there was a tendency to increased body size and body composition parameters’ values in urban residents, with the statistically significant differences in Ht, Wt, BMI, WC, HC and FFM among the Altaians. The urban Russian residents, as compared to urban Altaians, had significantly higher mesomorphy rating and FFM. The rural Russian residents, as compared to rural Altaians (taking into account age differences between the subgroups) had significantly higher age-related z-scores of Ht, Wt, HC, phase angle, FFM and FFMi. Conclusions. The results of our study suggest that permanent residence in urban or rural areas, along with ethnic differences, is a significant factor associated with the somatic status of young Altai-Kizhi and ethnically Russian men belonging to the modern indigenous population of the Altai Republic. In the subgroup of young men who are inherently living in the city, there was a tendency to smooth out ethnic differences in somatic status in comparison with residents of rural areas. © 2025. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license

The importance of small business development in Russia is ambiguous.Some experts consider it underestimated, others -hypertrophied.These issues are considered in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of employment in small business.In terms of the sectoral structure, employment in small businesses is more consistent with the post-industrial model than in large and medium-sized enterprises.The high level of Russian employment is provided mainly due to its development.But the statement about the significant effectiveness of small businesses is not confirmed.Moreover, both in Russia and abroad, the task of new industrialization is being actualized, which is not consistent with the postindustrial model and the expansion of small business.Therefore, the prospects for its development are associated with the strengthening of cooperation with large and medium-sized enterprises both within Russia and at the intercountry level.

The work deals with investigation of genetic diversity and biogeography of T4-like cyanophages from the shallow bay of the Posolsk Sor (Lake Baikal), based on analysis of the g20 marker gene. High diversity of g20 gene fragments and their uniqueness were revealed. The greatest similarity was noted with the previously obtained sequences from Lake Baikal and with those from freshwater ecosystems: oligotrophic Lake Green, Lake Round, oligomesotrophic Lake Ancy, and mesotrophic Lake Bourget. From the point of view of biogeography, it was determined that the phage sequences were similar to the previously obtained ones from different Lake Baikal ecotopes than to those from other ecosystems.

The purpose of this work is to study the need for the use and methods of implementing technical systems that allow automatic assessment of the electrostatic situation and seismic activity during rescue operations using groups of mobile robots in natural disaster zones. The authors consider the principles of operation and technical implementation of a hybrid monitoring system, one of the components of which is made on the basis of an electrostatic flux meter and allows, in real time over a local time period, to predict the approach and evaluate the intensity of the observed lightning event, based on counting the number of recorded lightning discharge signals and the degree of change their amplitudes per unit time. The seismic component of the hybrid monitoring system under consideration is created on the basis of an infrasonic sensor made using a MEMS microphone, structurally placed inside an acoustic Helmholtz resonator. In this work, the authors present the results of tests of a prototype of the described system, developed and implemented in the robotics laboratory of Gorno-Altaysk State University. The work also presents the results of measurement experiments carried out at the university test site, provides and analyzes examples of signals of variations in the strength of the atmospheric electric field during thunderstorm events and acoustic emission signals recorded in the upper part of the infrasound range at times of increased seismic activity.

Ушбу мақолада ҳайвонлар ҳақидаги эртакларида “Ахлоқ” мотивининг бадиий концептуаллашуви таҳлилга тортилади. Ҳайвонлар ҳақидаги эртакларнинг тарбиявий аҳамияти катта. Ҳайвонлар ҳақидаги эртакларда ахлоқ мотивига жуда кенг ўрин ажратилади, зеро, бу эртаклар ҳам адолатни тараннум этади, коллективизм туйғусини ривожлантиради ва заифларга ёрдам бериш истагини уйғотади. Мақолада, шунингдек, Ҳайвонлар ҳақидаги эртакларнинг ўзига хослиги уларни ўқишнинг ва тушунишнинг осонлиги билан белгиланади, деб хулоса берилади.

In the conditions of a scientific and economic experiment in the mid-mountain zone of the Altai Republic, the effect on the growth performance of Simmental calves of the probiotic drug SBT-Lacto and the phytobiotic thyme extract, which were fed to the animals with milk in the first month of their life, was studied. Calves of the 1st experimental group received thyme extract from the 22nd to 42nd days of life, the 2nd group - SBT-Lacto from the 1st to 21st days, and the 3rd experimental group - SBT-Lacto from the 1st day. x to the 21st day and thyme extract from the 22nd to the 42nd day. It was found that the absolute increase in body weight in the 1st experimental group did not significantly exceed the control indicator by 5.20 %; in the 2nd experimental group, the excess was 12.49 % and was significant. The maximum effect was obtained in the 3rd experimental group. The absolute increase in body weight of animals in this group significantly exceeded the control indicator - by 16.92 %. Thus, sequential separate feeding of thyme extract and probiotics to calves had a more pronounced positive effect on their growth. The improvement in growth rates of calves in the experimental groups can be explained by the normalisation of the composition of the intestinal microflora under the influence of the probiotic drug SBT-Lacto and the activation of digestive processes by substances contained in the thyme extract. A synergistic effect was obtained with the combined sequential use of these factors.

The article deals with the need to systematize all available materials about epictellers with their repertoire. The first mentions of the names of Altai epictellers are found in the works of researchers of Altai folklore and ethnography in the 19th century and rare information about their repertoire or fixation of a particular text of the legend from them. More complete information is found in scholarly publications of the mid-20th century concerning the biographies of now famous epictellers with an indication of their teachers. Several ethical rules contributed to the preservation of the names of epictelling teachers by their students: the faith of the epictellers themselves in the magical gift of epictelling and the veneration of the names of their mentors as sacred guides to the world of legends. So, in this article we define approaches to collecting information to create a unified catalog of Altai epictellers. Upon completion of the compilation by ethnic regions, prerequisites may be created for the formation of and additions to the Catalogue of epictellers of Russian and Eurasian epictellers. The relevance of such a study is dictated by the fact that when presenting information about the work of Altai epictellers about their teachers in publications of the mid-19th–mid-20th centuries, information is limited. This does not make it possible to reveal their repertoire in detail, but at the same time, separate indications of the names of texts, places of recording contribute to clarifying the places of distribution in different periods of a particular text of legends. Such a summary work contributes not only to the comprehensive identification of the Altai epictelling repertoire as a whole, taking into account the early periods of fixing epic texts, but also to clarifying the epic context of the work of famous Altai rhapsodies against the background of the revealed names of lesser-known epictellers. The goals and objectives of the study are the need to restore the names and, if possible, their repertoire of Altai epictellers of the 19th and early 20th in order to compile a Unified Catalog of epictellers in the future, based on information, taking into account archival and field materials recorded from their disciples – epictellers. The article reflects a summary search work to restore the names of epictellers based on published materials of researchers of the 19th and 20th centuries, who did not pursue a specific task of systematizing the names and repertoire of epictellers, but fixed one or another epicteller. However, it is the systematic cataloging that will contribute not only to the full identification of the list of names of Altai epictellers with an indication of their repertoire, but also to the clarification of the epic context of the work of famous Altai rhapsodies against the background of the revealed names of lesser-known epictellers. The main conclusions, the results of the study are that an attempt was made to restore the names and repertoire of epictellers from the 19th to the 20th century, available from publications and archival materials, and the stability of the plot composition of Altai legends is also being clarified.