Government Medical College

Study DesignUmbrella systematic review.ObjectiveTo qualitatively synthesise systematic reviews evaluating the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of mental illnesses in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI).MethodsSystematic reviews reporting on depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorders (SUD), cognitive impairment, and related psychological outcomes in tSCI populations were identified and synthesized as per PRISMA guidelines. Data on prevalence, risk factors, assessment tools, and interventions were extracted. Methodological quality was appraised using AMSTAR 2, and primary study overlap was assessed.ResultsTwenty systematic reviews published between 2005 and 2025 were included. Depression was the most frequently studied condition (n = 16), followed by anxiety (n = 10), PTSD (n = 6), and SUD (n = 4), with several reviews addressing multiple conditions. Primary study sample sizes ranged from 3152 to over 50000 participants, with wide variation in injury characteristics, study design, and outcome measures. Pooled prevalence estimates indicated a substantial burden: depression affected up to 43% of community-dwelling individuals, anxiety symptoms around 27%, PTSD up to 62%, and hazardous alcohol use ≥50% in some cohorts. Common risk factors included pain, injury severity, incomplete injury, low social support, maladaptive coping, and co-occurring psychological symptoms. Evidence for effective interventions was limited, and few studies used standardised, validated tools across settings.ConclusionsMental health conditions are highly prevalent in the tSCI population, yet intervention research remains limited. Standardised assessment, longitudinal designs, and targeted, evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to address this critical but under-recognised aspect of tSCI care.

Supercapacitors, often referred to as Ultracapacitors, are electrochemical energy storage devices with high power density and moderate energy storage which serves as a bridge between the conventional capacitors and batteries. While conventional capacitors offer extreme power but negligible energy and batteries provide high energy density for long-term storage, Supercapacitors fill the gap between these technologies. By combining the rapid charge-discharge characteristics of conventional capacitors with comparatively enhanced energy storage capability associated with electrochemical systems, supercapacitors become highly suitable for applications that require substantial power delivery over short time interval. These distinct abilities of supercapacitors offer exceptional cycle stability, operational reliability and long service durability. The review focuses on the use of supercapacitors in power density and long cycle life applications, such as quick acceleration and regenerative braking in HEVs, power management in HESS, and battery-less electric vehicle technology based on supercapacitors with ultra-fast charging capabilities. In this paper, a comprehensive review of supercapacitor technology is presented, including the working principle, classification, materials, characteristics, and latest developments in supercapacitor technology. Moreover, the review critically discusses the applications of supercapacitors, such as RBS and HESS, along with the current challenges, limitations, and future research avenues for the betterment of supercapacitor technology. Keywords— Supercapacitors; High Power Density; Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS); Regenerative Braking System (RBS); Electric Vehicles; Energy Management

Enterobacter spp., members of the ESKAPE group of pathogens, are increasingly recognized for their involvement in nosocomial infections and remarkable adaptability, particularly in hospital settings. This review highlights the intricate quorum-sensing (QS) systems in Enterobacter species, emphasizing both canonical and non-canonical pathways, including the acyl-homoserine lactone-mediated AI-1 system, LuxS-dependent AI-2 systems, and the solo LuxR system. QS systems regulate critical bacterial behaviors, including biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence gene expression. Additionally, the role of quorum quenching (QQ) as a potentially effective anti-virulence strategy is also discussed, with a focus on enzymatic and natural-product-based approaches that disrupt bacterial communication. Enzymes, such as lactonases, and synthetic or plant-derived QS inhibitors have been explored for their ability to attenuate pathogenic traits without exerting the selective pressure that typically drives antimicrobial resistance. Despite significant advances in elucidating QS and QQ processes in Enterobacter spp., notable limitations remain in the molecular understanding of species-specific QS control, particularly regarding the AI-3 signalling pathway and its functional significance. This extensive study seeks to promote future investigations into quorum-sensing disruption as a novel anti-virulence approach and its possible therapeutic application.