Government of Spain

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a structured psychoeducational group program aimed at enhancing resilience and reducing burnout among primary healthcare workers.DesignA single-arm pre–post implementation study conducted between September 2022 and February 2024. Trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05720429.Site81 primary care centers of the Catalan Health Institute.ParticipantsPrimary care professionals from all occupational profiles were eligible.InterventionsA 11-session program, delivered by community psychologists, combined psychoeducational content, interactive activities, and relaxation techniques.Main measurementsOutcomes were measured before and immediately after the intervention using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and the burnout subscale of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Analyses included effect sizes and multivariate models to identify predictors of change.ResultsOf 1419 baseline participants, 387 (87.1% women; median age 47 years) completed both assessments. Resilience increased significantly post-intervention (p = 0.001; effect size = 0.21), with larger gains in men and younger participants. Burnout decreased significantly (p = 0.001; effect size = 0.21), particularly among physicians. Higher baseline secondary traumatic stress predicted greater burnout reduction. Program overall assessment, feasibility and satisfaction were high.ConclusionsThis psychoeducational group intervention was feasible, well-received, and associated with modest but significant improvements in resilience and burnout. Targeted benefits were observed for specific subgroups, suggesting value in tailoring content to professional role and baseline emotional burden.

Pure ZnO thin films and Ag doped ZnO (Ag:ZnO) thin films are successfully synthesized using low-cost method. SILAR (Successive Ionic layer Adsorption and reaction) technique is also very easy and simple. The dopant amount is further optimized by varying Ag percentages and investing corresponding optical properties. For 6 wt. % Ag:ZnO, maximum red shift is observed (from 372 to 400 nm). Band gap is also observed to be altered with maximum reduction achieved for 6 wt. % Ag:ZnO thin film (from 2.99 eV for pure ZnO to 2.7 eV). Consequently, optimum (6 wt. %) Ag:ZnO thin film is further used as photoanode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Additionally, low-cost dye is used in place of expensive dyes used generally in DSSCs. Further structural and morphological characterization of optimum (6 wt. %) Ag:ZnO thin film is also carried over by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Prepared films are observed to be polycrystalline and hexagonal in structure. DSSC made of Ag:ZnO thin film along with inexpensive dye could yet lead to reasonable conversion efficiency. Furthermore, reasonable increment in efficiency (50 %) is achieved compared to DSSC made with pure ZnO film.

Implementing shared decision-making (SDM) in maternity care remains challenging in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Decision aids can support SDM, but evidence on their effectiveness in such settings is limited. We assessed the impact of a decision analysis tool (DAT) for pregnant women on mode of birth (MOB) within the QUALIty DECision-making project, a multisite, multicountry pragmatic trial to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among postpartum women considered at low risk for caesarean section in early pregnancy and who delivered in 32 hospitals across Argentina, Burkina Faso, Thailand and Viet Nam. Associations between DAT exposure and selected outcomes were analysed using multilevel, multivariate regression models adjusting for confounders and cluster effects. Of 2368 women included, 249 (11%) had used it outside antenatal care visits, 212 (9%) had heard of but not used it, and 1907 (80%) had never heard of the DAT. Compared with women who had never heard of the DAT, users were more likely to identify at least three risks/benefits of each MOB (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.9; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.8; p=0.001) and to communicate their preferred MOB to providers (aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5 to 3.6; p<0.001). DAT users were less likely to prefer caesarean section in late pregnancy (aOR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8; p=0.006) and reported higher birth experience and satisfaction scores (adjusted β=1.9; 95% CI 0.5 to 3.3; p=0.006). The use of the DAT was associated with improved knowledge, communication of birth preferences, lower caesarean preference and greater satisfaction, without adverse outcomes. Findings suggest that decision aids can strengthen SDM and promote respectful, women-centred maternity care in LMICs. ISRCTN67214403.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a major public health concern. Primary care (PC) is the ideal setting for their diagnosis. Designing effective strategies requires a thorough understanding of the problems these patients face when seeking care. To identify barriers and facilitators to the diagnosis of HIV and STIs in PC and classify them according to the theoretical Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation model of Behaviour (COM-B model). The review's findings will inform the development of specific intervention strategies. We conducted a systematic review (SR) of qualitative studies of barriers and facilitators to the diagnosis of HIV/STI. A systematic literature search, without publication date limitation, was performed in Embase, Cochrane Library, and Medline via PubMed. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The results were synthesised and presented according to the dimensions of the COM-B model. Of the 1,366 records from the initial search strategy, 70 articles met all inclusion criteria, covering all HIV/STIs and different risk groups. Barriers and facilitators to diagnosis were identified at three levels: patients, professionals, and health system. Patient barriers included confidentiality issues, lack of risk perception, shame and stigma, and access. The barriers at the level of professionals were lack of training, time constraints, and scarcity of resources. Among the facilitators, the most notable were minimally invasive sampling methods, ensuring confidentiality, standardisation of tests, fast and efficient entry points, and professional training. This SR provides information on barriers and facilitators to HIV/STI diagnosis in PC and across the different stakeholders involved (patients, providers, system). The results are grouped into the different dimensions of a behavioural model (capability, opportunity, and motivation). A thorough understanding of the complexity of the behaviour of people diagnosed with HIV/STIs and all those involved in their management will enable the development of effective intervention strategies to diagnose and prevent these processes, thereby reducing the associated disease burden. Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023404578).

Sustainable agriculture is a farming system that satisfies current food requirements without compromising environmental integrity or exhausting resources, thereby enabling future generations to fulfil their needs. It integrates environmental health, economic viability, and social equity through practices such as crop rotation, water conservation, and biodiversity enhancement, emphasizing long-term resilience. Telangana's sustainable agriculture scene combines government initiatives (such as NMSA, PMKSY, and Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana) that promote organic farming, soil health, and water efficiency with farmer-led adoption of practices such as pudding, crop rotation, and integrated pest management. These practices are supported by bodies such as ICRISAT and KVKs. The goal of these practices is to mitigate the effects of climate change and improve farmer livelihoods through value addition and market linkages for crops such as rice, maize, and pulses. However, challenges such as high-input farming continue to exist. Telangana's route entails bolstering financial support (Rythu Bandhu) with sustainability mandates, boosting organic farming through clusters, improving farmer capacity, and creating robust value chains, all with the goal of moving towards an agricultural system that is more resilient and egalitarian.

Background: Infection caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori, is a well-known causative agent of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer are just a few of the numerous diseases caused by the H. pylori bacterium. The study was intended to identify the prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients admitted to hospitals, identify the demographics and clinical features of the patients, and establish correlations among the factors of lifestyle and hygiene practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a tertiary care center in Swat. A total of 200 admitted patients were randomly selected from Gastroenterology, Medical, and Surgical wards. The study was done using interviews, questionnaires, medical record analysis, and lab results. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to analyze demographic information, clinical histories, and symptoms of patients. The Chi-Squared Test was used to identify any association between H. pylori infection and age, gender, intake of caffeine, hand-washing habit, and eating fast foods. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to be 77%. Infection was more common in women (71.2%) than men (29%), with a high prevalence found among individuals aged 21-30 years (34.5%). Most patients (77%) had received previous treatment for their gastrointestinal complaints. The main complaints were loss of appetite (60%), vomiting (56%), and epigastric abdominal or burning pain (52%). There were significant correlations of H. pylori infection with age, caffeine ingestion, as well as hand-washing habits (p &lt; 0.05), but not with fast food ingestion. Conclusion: Infection with H. pylori is found to be highly prevalent among admitted patients, and the rate is higher among young adults and women. Lack of personal hygiene and certain lifestyle habits play an important part in the transmission and development of H. pylori infection among the patients.

Abstract In the comparative conclusions, the various facets of the urban–rural divide are examined from different perspectives. The analysis shows that this divide is not only real, but also recurs in similar ways across different countries and political systems. Building on this, potential solutions are compared and contrasted, whose relevance will remain significant in many countries in the coming years due to challenges such as climate change and demographic shifts.

Suicide rates are higher in prison environments than those in the general population. Therefore, preventive activities are crucial. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducational group intervention in decreasing the number of suicidal behaviors in prisons. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in nine prisons in Catalonia. Main outcome: total number of suicidal behaviors. Other variables: suicidal ideations, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and quality of life. The intervention group carried out 17 psychoeducation sessions and the control group received information. 171 individuals participated in the study, mean age of 34.9 years, 84.8% males. The intervention group (n = 85) reduced anxiety and depression and increased quality of life post-intervention (p < 0.05), with no changes in the control group (n = 86). Both groups reduced all suicide items except for the number of interrupted/aborted attempts and the percentage of people with non-suicidal self-injurious behavior, which improved only in the intervention group. In both groups, the absolute number of suicide attempts decreased (p > 0.05). The psychoeducational intervention had an impact on suicidal ideation observed in both groups, with a non-significant reduction in the number of suicide attempts. Furthermore, the intervention improved levels of anxiety, depression, and quality of life. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on January 19, 2022 (NCT05195554).

This paper aims to investigate the highly important underrepresented concern of the socioeconomic factors contributing to linguistic threats in online English language learning (OEL) in the Pakistani context, where English is a secondary language and a symbol of socioeconomic mobility. The digital divide and its effect on the process of language acquisitions is also the research problem, which leads to two major goals, as follows: determining how socioeconomic differences contribute to the access to OELL resources, and to estimate the linguistic risks of the lack of equal digital access. Using a quantitative research methodology, a survey (n=400 Pakistani learners) of participants of SES (high and low) and geographic area (18-35) with proficiency tests showed that low SES participants (mean access = 3.08, mean risks = 3.07) identified a significantly lower access (mean = 3.08) and a significantly greater risk (mean = 3.07), such as code-switching, cultural incompatibilities, etc., than their high SES counterparts (mean access = 4. These discoveries emphasize the new nexus of socioeconomic Indi tinctures and linguistic issues in Pakistan, in which rural and low-income students pose exposed to an increased risk, due to a lack of connectivity and culturally inaccurate contents, documented in the current literature on digital inequities (Khan and Khan, 2022; Sharma and Grant, 2024). The implications lead to active policy proposals, including subsidized internet and localized AI tools, as well as to theoretical contributions to the sociolinguistic risk models reconfigured including the online settings, where inclusive online-oriented strategies towards digital education offer a significant benefit in the case of developing countries. According to this study, a unique contribution to the global OELL discourse is the power of Pakistan to inter onto a socioeconomic and linguistic level in favor of making equitable changes to education.