Green Solution (Czechia)

Seamless interoperability and enhanced system performance for real-time monitoring and efficient operation in smart environments are achieved through improved IoT sensor integration and automated testing and validation of backend APIs. By automating the processes of sensor data collection and API validation, the proposed method improves system efficiency, accuracy, and scalability within IoT environments. The central goal is to design a unified platform simplifying sensor deployment and ensuring consistent, reliable communication with backend systems. The proposed solution introduces a middleware layer that facilitates IoT sensor integration by unifying data formats and communication standards. It includes a backend API testing framework, leveraging tools like Cypress to verify API responses for accuracy, performance, and error resilience. Key components of this system include real-time simulation of sensor data, automated generation of test cases, and seamless integration with CI/CD pipelines for ongoing validation. Technologies such as Node.js, Python, and RESTful APIs are used to maintain scalability and system compatibility.The developed system offers a streamlined and automated approach to managing IoT sensors and verifying API interactions. Users can set up sensors, simulate their output, and validate backend responses without manual input. This level of automation reduces the time required for deployment, decreases the likelihood of errors, and ensures consistent performance of backend services. The proposed methodology demonstrates significant improvements in the efficiency and dependability of IoT-based systems.

BackgroundGestational weight gain-GWG is an important predictor of neonatal growth. However, there is dearth of literature from rural and urban India depicting longitudinal patterns and determinants of GWG. To address this gap, our objectives were to study longitudinal patterns and predictors of GWG in pregnant women residing in rural and urban areas in and around Pune city, Maharashtra, India and to compare them with pre-existing guidelines provided by IOM, 2009.MethodsThis study enrolled 268(134-rural and 134-urban) healthy singleton pregnant women attending antenatal care centers in and around Pune, India between August 2020-September 2023. Participants were measured for anthropometry and interviewed for socioeconomic status, diet, physical activity, sleep quality, and prenatal distress once in each trimester. Pre-gestational weight status was calculated using WHO, Asian-Pacific, and South Asian BMI cut-points. GWG was estimated using IOM, 2009 guidelines.FindingsThe observed mean GWG was 10.9 ± 4.2 kg(rural:9.9 ± 3.7, urban:11.9 ± 4.5). 61.2% of rural and 30% of urban underweight pregnant women did not gain adequate weight. 11.8% of rural and 57.3% of urban pregnant women with overweight or obese BMI exceeded recommended guideliness. Key predictors of inadequate GWG in second and third trimesters were low socio-economic status, parity, underweight pre-gestational BMI, prenatal distress, and poor sleep. The primary predictor of excessive GWG was overweight or obese pre-gestational BMI. These findings were consistent across all BMI classifications.ConclusionOur findings indicate that urban underweight pregnant women gained significantly higher weight. There was health disparity between rural and urban pregnant women that needs to be addressed to improve health of pregnant women. We have identified important modifiable factors such as dietary intake, physical activity, etc. to ensure optimal GWG which can inform public health policies. Further research is needed to assess whether context-specific GWG recommendations would be beneficial as our study is based on single geographical location and timeframe.

Abstract Water injection for pressure maintenance is common in the oil and gas field to ensure a reservoir’s energy does not drop beyond the limit which will jeopardize production over time. Most of the major oil companies utilize the produced water on surface for injection or treated seawater either as pressure support or as a sweeping catalyst to recover as much hydrocarbon possible. Water dump-flooding is one of the less common methods of pressure maintenance as compared to surface injection. This method utilizes the shallower aquifer sand as the inflow to feed the deeper reservoir. As a mature field of water-flooding, downhole injection does fit the purpose in theory but there are many considerations which need to be addressed before embarking on this route. Even though well intervention technology has advanced in recent years, most companies would rather keep well intervention as simple and quick to avoid increasing Operating Expenditure (OPEX) which will push further the job priority. This is due to the well's accessibility, especially for offshore settings with limited space and operating window duration, especially when weather is known to be the main showstopper. Subsurface issues such as sand migration, gas handling, reservoir souring and scaling may also contribute to the system's inefficiency, which may result in system failure. Installing an ESP especially with an inverted pump does need an extensive monitoring capability be it downhole or on surface. Lack of essential data handling will often lead to malfunction which results in an expensive operation of pulling and total workover. The dump-flooding method was chosen as the field has an existing aquifer with no serious compatibility issues across different reservoirs. The idea was deployed considering the existing platform capability with minimum modification on surface whilst ensuring the reservoir is being supported continuously. Downhole sand control for the water source zone was necessary in the designing stage to mitigate formation failure based on its lithology that would interrupt the ESP efficiency. The supported reservoir requires constant pressure charging to sustain its production and realizing some of the future development plans. This paper will talk through the process and challenges faced during the planning, designing, commissioning, and maintenance of the dump-flood ESP. The lessons learned are crucial to ensure the project is a success for supporting the reservoir with minimal operational obstacles during execution.