Grossmont College

This article argues that Pope Francis’ approach to foreign policy is guided by a Doctrine of Mercy, informing his policies on economic development, environmental degradation, and approach to socially exclusive groups. The Doctrine of Mercy is grounded in the Catholic interpretation of Mercy as being driven by compassion, forgiveness, and love and transforming that sentiment into actions to improve political challenges on earth. We further argue that the Doctrine of Mercy sets the conceptual parameters to the Pope’s soft power which is derived from the papacy’s religious authority. Examining the Pope’s writings and speeches, we find evidence to support our claim in regard to three important foreign policy issues: the environment, economic under development and inequality, and marginalized groups.

This article addresses an innovative approach to connecting an urban university with the surrounding neighborhoods comprised of Latino immigrants, who represent potential new students or current students’ family members. The National Latino Research Center (NLRC) uses popular education, culturally informed, and linguistically relevant strategies to engage diverse Latino communities in the northern region of San Diego County in California. Methods of engaging the Latino community include cultivating long-term relationships, responding to time-sensitive community crises, facilitating inter-generational connections, presenting material in a culturally informed and relevant way, providing hands-on experiences with civic engagement, and growing partnerships within the university and among non-profits. Preliminary findings described a two-year study on civic engagement testing the effectiveness of a Spanish-language curriculum based on popular education offered (free) to members of urban and rural low-resourced Latino communities. The Center statistically correlated Latino community members’ experiential learning, participating in social media, and voting with gains in civic engagement knowledge.

We surveyed 229 multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial teams listed in the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association directory regarding frequency of meetings, numbers of patients treated, sources of funding, their format of examination of children, and their satisfaction with that format. One hundred fifteen (50%) of 229 surveys were completed. Thirty-seven percent of clinics report meeting monthly; 43% of clinics report actively following up 300 or less patients; 40% of clinics report funding by third-party insurance reimbursement, and 38% by government funding; 48% of clinics report the patients moving from one examination room to another to see specialists, in another 33%, the patient stays in 1 examination room while the specialists move, and in only 20%, all specialists see a patient simultaneously. Significantly more specialists are dissatisfied with clinics where they move to examine children; significantly more families are satisfied in clinics where specialists move to examine the child or examine them simultaneously.

This research aimed to unpack cultural differences in interpersonal flexibility by examining the impact of culture on interpersonal flexibility via self-construal. In Study 1, a cross-cultural comparison in levels of interpersonal flexibility was performed and the hypothesized mediating role of an interdependent self-construal was tested. Participants included 92 Chinese and 87 Caucasian American university students. Results showed that Chinese participants generally reported greater interpersonal flexibility than their Caucasian American counterparts. Interdependent self-construal accounted for country differences in interpersonal flexibility. Study 2 adopted a cultural-priming paradigm to determine the causal role of culture in context-dependent information processing and interpersonal flexibility. In the experiment, 120 Chinese participants were presented with Chinese cultural, American cultural, or control primes. The dependent measures were context dependency and flexible responses across different negotiation tasks. Compared with participants presented with American primes, those presented with Chinese primes reported more context-dependent thoughts and displayed greater discriminative responses across interpersonal situations.

Marine Mammal ScienceVolume 25, Issue 1 p. 221-228 Scaling and remote monitoring of tidal lung volumes of young gray whales, Eschrichtius robustus J. L. Sumich, J. L. Sumich Biology Department (Emeritus),Grossmont College,8800 Grossmont College Drive,El Cajon, California 92020, U.S.A.E-mail: jim.sumich@gcccd.eduSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. May, M. A. May Department of Marine Science and Environmental Studies,University of San Diego,5998 Alcala Park,San Diego, California 92110, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author J. L. Sumich, J. L. Sumich Biology Department (Emeritus),Grossmont College,8800 Grossmont College Drive,El Cajon, California 92020, U.S.A.E-mail: jim.sumich@gcccd.eduSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. May, M. A. May Department of Marine Science and Environmental Studies,University of San Diego,5998 Alcala Park,San Diego, California 92110, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author First published: 12 January 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00272.xCitations: 10Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume25, Issue1January 2009Pages 221-228 RelatedInformation

Swimming velocities and breathing rates were measured for migrating gray whales ( Eschrichtius robustus (Lilljeborg, 1861)) at Costa Azul, Baja California, to compare swimming effort of southbound whales, northbound whales without calves, and northbound mothers and calves. From December 2004 to May 2005, whales were followed using a theodolite to determine swimming velocity. Binoculars were used to count whale blows and their timings were recorded to determine breathing rates. Individual whale breathing rates (BR) were divided by their swimming velocity (V) to derive a comparative index of swimming effort in units of breaths per kilometre. There were significant differences in mean BR, V, and swimming effort among the three migrating groups (p < 0.05). Southbound migrating whales averaged a swimming effort of 7.4 breaths·km–1(V = 1.9 m·s–1, BR = 0.8 breaths·min–1). Northbound whales without calves showed the lowest swimming effort of the three migrating groups (4.7 breaths·km–1, V = 1.8 m·s–1, BR = 0.5 breaths·min–1). Northbound mothers and calves had the same swimming velocity (V = 1.2 m·s–1), but BR and swimming effort were calculated separately yielding a swimming effort of 7.6 breaths·km–1(BR = 0.5 breaths·min–1) for mothers and 10.1 breaths·km–1(BR = 0.7 breaths·min–1) for calves. Cost of transport was calculated for northbound calves, yielding a range based on 1.5% and 3% tidal volumes of 0.25–0.34 and 0.51–0.58 J·kg–1·m–1, respectively.

This study applies a multidimensional assessment of ethical sensitivity to 104 viewers descriptions and evaluations of a local TV news story about a hit‐and‐run accident. Ethical sensitivity is measured along four dimensions or abilities: ability to notice relevant story characteristics, ethical issues, consequences, and stakeholders. Cluster analysis reveals eight distinct clusters or patterns of ethical sensitivity abilities, which we label broadly aware, outcome oriented, consequence oriented, stakeholder oriented, issue oriented, fact oriented, outcome oriented, and broadly unaware.

Pressure overload (PO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rabbits has been utilized extensively to study alterations in systolic and diastolic functions of the heart. In earlier studies we showed that the levels of mRNA encoding two important sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins, the cardiac/slow-twitch muscle Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) and phospholamban, were decreased in PO rabbit hearts. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the Ca(2+)-release channel (ryanodine receptor), calsequestrin, SERCA2a, and phospholamban in PO-induced cardiac hypertrophy after 2, 4, 8, and 16 days of pulmonary artery banding. Northern blot and slot blot analyses showed that the steady-state level of mRNA encoding the cardiac ryanodine receptor, SERCA2a, and phospholamban was decreased significantly as early as 2 days after PO. In 16-day PO hearts, SERCA2a mRNA was reduced to 7.9 +/- 3.4% (P < 0.05), phospholamban mRNA was reduced to 15.9 +/- 6.5% (P < 0.05), and ryanodine receptor mRNA was reduced to 49.2 +/- 23.6% (P < 0.05). In this study, calsequestrin mRNA levels were also reduced to 29.9 +/- 15.2% by day 16 (P < 0.05). ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was reduced to 78% (P < 0.05); in contrast, the steady-state formation of ATPase phosphoenzyme was reduced to 81% of control (P < 0.05) and Ca(2+)-ATPase protein was reduced to 78% of control (P < 0.05) in crude SR vesicles or total muscle homogenate obtained from 16-day PO hearts. On the basis of these data, we propose that decreases in the expression of SR proteins may contribute to dysfunctions seen in systolic and diastolic properties of the hypertrophied myocardium.

Elevated fractions of inspired O2 induce significant remodeling of the airways and vasculature of the lung. The present study was undertaken to determine the direct effects of altered levels of O2 on protein synthesis and cell proliferation in lung tissue cultured in vitro. Rat lungs were inflated with low-melt agarose, cut transversely into 1-mm sections, and cultured in a serum-free medium for up to 7 days in the presence of 10, 21, 40, or 70% O2. Tissue structure integrity was maintained as assessed by light and electron microscopy. Fractional synthesis rates (FSR, %protein/day) of soluble protein from cultured lung homogenates demonstrated an O2 concentration-dependent response. Tissue cultured in the presence of 70% O2 exhibited the highest FSR. The FSR of tissue cultured in 21 or 40% O2 did not differ and demonstrated FSR values greater than tissue cultured in 10% O2. Cell proliferation was assessed histologically in parenchymal gas-exchange regions of lung slices cultured in the presence of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Labeling indexes for tissue cultured in 21, 40, or 70% indicated an O2-dependent increase in cell proliferation after 3 days in culture followed by a return to baseline levels after 7 days. Tissue cultured in the presence of 10% O2 showed no change in cell proliferation over time. The data indicate a direct influence of O2 on lung cell growth and proliferation. Additionally, these studies show that this in vitro model may be suitable for further understanding of the mechanistic basis involved in proliferative events during lung injury.