Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology

Abstract Introduction Vegetation restoration is a crucial aspect of ecosystem recovery and functional reconstruction in mining areas, with rhizosphere soil microorganisms playing a synergistic role in promoting healthy plant growth. Objectives To investigate the effects of rhizosphere soil environmental factors on rhizosphere microorganisms during the ecological restoration process in mining areas, this study focused on five dominant revegetation species: Paspalum wettsteinii , Eleusine coracana , Tephrosia candida , Dodonaea viscosa , and Syzygium cumini . Methods Using soil nutrient measurement techniques and high‐throughput microbial sequencing, we conducted a synchronous analysis of the rhizosphere soil environmental quality and microbial community structure of these plants. This approach aims to elucidate the inherent plant–microbe relationships and provide a foundation for understanding the rhizosphere microecological interaction processes driven by specific plants in mining areas. Results Our results showed that Dodonea viscosa rhizosphere had the highest organic matter and nitrogen content. Microbial analysis showed Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacteria, with Ascomycota as the predominant fungus. Paspalum wettsteinii rhizosphere exhibited the highest microbial richness, while T. candida showed the greatest bacterial diversity. Soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and organic matter were the key factors driving microbial community structure. Regulating these nutrients can strategically enhance beneficial microbial communities and improve restoration outcomes. Conclusion In conclusion, sowing D. viscosa and E. coracana during vegetation restoration in mining areas can enhance soil microbial species diversity and activity, promoting the healthy development of the soil system.

To address heavy metal pollution in river and lake sediments amid China's urbanization, this study developed an iron-based biochar stabilizer using corn straw modified by chemical-physical methods. The modification significantly increased the biochar's surface roughness, forming a 50 – 200 nm iron oxide adhesion layer. While its specific surface area slightly decreased from 418 m²/g to 376 m²/g, the proportion of mesopores rose, creating more sites for heavy metal adsorption. Characterization results show that the iron-based biochar binds heavy metals through surface functional groups like -OH and C=O, demonstrating stable adsorption performance for various heavy metals (including Cr(VI), Cd(II), Pb(II), and As(III)). Compared with unmodified biochar, it improved the average solidification rates of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and as by 23.5 %, 18.7 %, 27.3 %, 25.1 %, 19.8 %, and 21.2 %, respectively. Notably, the solidification of Cr(VI) was particularly effective due to the redox catalytic action of Fe³⁺/Fe². After adsorption, the material's porosity recovered to 72 %, indicating enhanced recyclability through iron-based modification. The leaching concentration of heavy metals in the treated sediment meets national standards, and the treatment cost is over 60 % lower than that of traditional technologies. Additionally, the solidified sediment can be safely reused for land improvement or building material production, offering an economical and efficient resource-oriented solution for controlling heavy metal pollution in sediments.

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of financial development, trade openness, renewable energy, and nonrenewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in India by analyzing the quarterly data from 1980 to 2020. Quantile ARDL and Wavelet Coherence methods are employed to examine the nexus. In the long and short run, nonrenewable energy consumption, financial development, and trade openness have a positive impact on CO2 emissions. When emissions are already high, it suggests that financial development may also lead to increased CO2 emissions. Moreover, Renewable energy consumption has a negative impact on CO2 emissions irrespective of the emission level that whether it is high or low in the nations, which shows that if financial enhancement increases, carbon emissions decrease. Finally, we test the EKC hypothesis, and the QARDL findings support the EKC in India. Additionally, the wavelet coherence study found a causal relationship between the CO2 emissions and independent variables, and the findings under the Wald test reject the parameter constancy for all variables. To create effective policies for environmental deterioration, the empirical findings of the current analysis can be used as guidelines for policy implications.

This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) mediated by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank control group, model group, AAV-α7nAChR low/medium/high-dose groups, and AAV-GFP group. A chronic UC model was established, with interventions administered via intraperitoneal injection. Meanwhile, an acute UC model was set up, together with control groups treated with the α7nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). A series of indicators were detected, including body weight, Disease Activity Index (DAI), colonic pathological changes, inflammatory factors, pathway-related proteins, and T-regulatory (T-reg)/T helper 17 (Th-17) cell balance. Results demonstrated that AAV9-α7nAChR ameliorated UC symptoms in mice in a dose-dependent manner: it relieved body weight loss and hematochezia, restored colon length and spleen weight, and alleviated colonic mucosal damage. Furthermore, it activated the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), inhibited the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory axis, repaired the intestinal barrier (by upregulating ZO-1 and occludin), and restored the T-reg/Th-17 immune balance. The therapeutic efficacy of the high-dose AAV9-α7nAChR group was superior to that of the 5-ASA group, while MLA could suppress its therapeutic effect. This study preliminarily clarified the multi-target mechanism of AAV9-α7nAChR in treating UC, providing an experimental foundation for the clinical gene therapy of UC.

We propose a multiple chirp rate index modulation (MCR-IM) system based on Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences that overcomes the problems of low transmission rate and large-scale access in long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) using classical LoRa modulation. We demonstrate the extremely low cross-correlation of MCR-IM signals across different spread factors, showing that the proposed MCR-IM system also inherits the characteristics of ZC sequences modulation. Moreover, we derive an approximate approximate closed-form expression for the bit-error-rate (BER) of the proposed MCR-IM system over Nakagami-<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> fading channels. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of the derived approximate closed-form expression and demonstrate that the MCR-IM system achieves higher levels of spectral efficiency (SE) compared to existing systems like frequency-shift chirp spread spectrum with index modulation (FSCSS-IM), group-based CSS (GCSS), layered CSS (LCSS), and layered group-based CSS (LGCSS). In this context, assigning multiple chirp rates to each user results in a reduction in the number of parallel channels. To mitigate this issue, we propose a peak detection based successive interference cancellation (PD-SIC) algorithm to accommodate more users. Results further show that the proposed system with the PD-SIC algorithm achieves a lower BER and higher throughput than the orthogonal scatter CSS (OrthoRa) system under collision scenarios, making it a compelling solution for future large-scale, high-throughput Internet of Things network.