Guyana School of Agriculture

This article examines the cultural rights of Armenians as a national minority in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on various programs and events that contribute to the preservation and promotion of their cultural heritage. It delves into the activities of traditional Armenian charitable and cultural organizations, highlighting key initiatives in the fields of education and culture. The article examines the impact of Armenian Church activities, identi-tybuilding activities, and external forces, such as Armenia and the global Armenian diaspora, on the cultural life of the UAE community. In the 21st century, the Armenian community continues to actively participate in promoting cultural pride through educational initiatives, international partnerships, and strategic representation of Armenian culture on international platforms. These efforts will not only enrich the UAE's cultural fabric, but also contribute to the wider recognition of Armenian heritage on the global stage. The Armenian community in the UAE continues to engage in the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage through vari-ous organizations and committees.

Oral administration of biologics such as peptides, proteins, vaccines, and nucleic acids is one of the most significant challenges because of enzymatic breakdown, acidic gastric environment, and low absorption in the intestines. Polymeric nanoparticle has become a potential solution to surmount these obstacles, as it provides protection of biologics, controlled release as well as increased mucosal uptake. This review will present a pharmaceutics-oriented overview of recent developments in polymeric nanoparticle-based oral delivery systems with particular emphasis on preclinical animal studies. The significant advances in natural and synthetic polymers, surface modification techniques including mucoadhesion, conjugation of ligands and pH- sensitive coatings and the applications in different classes of biologics are also critically examined. The animal studies show enhanced oral bioavailability, prolonged therapeutic effect and improved immune response, showing the potential of the systems as less invasive methods of administration compared to the conventional administration. Although some of these advances have been made, issues of formulation complexity, reproducibility, large-scale production and long-term safety have yet to be resolved. This review highlights the existing gaps and suggests future research to enable translation of polymeric nanoparticles in oral biologic delivery into clinical practice.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is the most important protein crop globally as it offers a high-quality protein source for animal feed, particularly for poultry, swine, and aquaculture, with its cultivation area in Guyana on the increase. To investigate soybean growth and yield performance of two soybean varieties (Tracaja and FT3282) grown on Frontland clay soil, with the goal of reducing reliance on expensive imported feed ingredients and enhancing local agricultural productivity, a field study was conducted in 2024 using sprinkler irrigation system. A complete randomized block design with four replications was used for the two treatments (Tracaja and FT3282). The results show that the studied soybean growth parameter (plant height) and the yield components (pods per plant, seeds per pod, seeds per plant, mass of seeds per plant and 1000-seed weight) were greater for variety FT3282. The variety FT3282 also showed significantly greater yield (P < 0.05) 4.7 t/ha, while Tracaja yielded (P < 0.05) 3.2 t/ha, both at 14% moisture content. These harvested soybeans seeds are intended for use as seed material and animal feed, and farmers aim to increase soybean production to meet these demands.

A crise climática global, em parte desencadeada por uma superexploração de combustíveis fósseis para impulsionar o setor de transporte, obriga a Guiana e outros países a substituir os veículos com motor de combustão interna (ICE) por veículos elétricos (VEs). Com foco na Guiana, no contexto dos países em desenvolvimento, esta revisão qualitativa aderiu às diretrizes da Revisão Sistemática em Conservação e Gestão Ambiental. A revisão confirmou que, em resposta às disposições institucionais, principalmente nas áreas de energia, mudanças climáticas e transporte para o desenvolvimento sustentável, os VEs E2W (veículos elétricos de duas rodas) e E4Ws (veículos elétricos de quatro rodas) estão sendo gradualmente adotados. Na Guiana, os E2Ws são mais populares. Apesar da atual programação institucional para uma transição para VEs na Guiana e em outros países em desenvolvimento, os desafios que parecem impedir uma transição mais rápida variam de altos custos para desenvolvimento da infraestrutura, falta de conscientização, estações de carregamento insuficientes, ansiedade de alcance e até faltas de energia frequentes.Palavras-chave: Veículos elétricos (VEs). Países em Desenvolvimento. Guiana. Transição.

Kemasan mempunyai arti yang sangat penting karena kemasan tidak hanya digunakan sebagai pelindung terhadap isi produk saja tetapi juga digunakan untuk menyenangkan dan memikat hati konsumen. Susetyarsi (2012). Jenis-jenis kemasan yang sering digunakan berupa kertas nasi maupun Styrofoam. Styrofoam merupakan pengemasan makanan yang murah dengan bahan PE (Polystyrene). Bahan PE (Polystyrene) mengandung bahan kimia yang sulit dicerna yaitu Benzen. Penggunaan Styrofoam menjadi media bungkus makanan memiliki dampak yang negatif bagi kesehatan tubuh. Styrofoam juga memiliki kandungan plastik yang sulit untuk di uraikan sehingga penggunaan Styrofoam sebagai kemasan sekali pakai dinilai kurang baik bagi kesehatan manusia dan kesehatan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah dengan penyebaran angket berupa kuesioner dengan menggunakan gform. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sekitar hampir 25 orang membungkus makanan dengan menggunakan Styrofoam dan kurang dari 5 orang menggunakan kotak makan dalam membungkus makanannya. Hal tersebut menunjukkan betapa masih sedikit mahasiswa yang paham dengan bahaya penggunaan kemasan sekali pakai Styrofoam bagi kesehatan tubuh dan lingkungan. Diharapkan mahasiswa ITERA dapat lebih peduli dengan kesehatan tubuh dan lingkungan dari penggunaan kemasan sekali pakai berupa Styrofoam.

The demand for coconut water and coconut oil is increasing thus there is interest in expanding coconut cultivation. Coconut is primarily planted on approximately 28,500 acres by more than 1,400 farmers along the Guyana coastline with the Atlantic Ocean and in the Pomeroon Riverain area. Tall types (e.g. Jamaica Tall) are planted for oil while Dwarf types (e.g. Malaysian Dwarf Green, Suriname Brown) are planted primarily for water. At least 50% of the Tall type population is more than 50 years old and needs to be replanted to increase productivity. Farmers traditionally collect seedlings growing from dropped nuts at the base of trees without attention to prolificacy. Since a coconut tree productive life is more than 50 years, the economic impact of this practice can be significant. Via training programs, CARDI is encouraging the structured production of coconut seedlings to increase yields. This project aims to enhance the supply of quality seedlings using local seed nuts. Mother palms that display prolific bearing habits, resistance to pest and diseases plus vigorous growth habit were geotagged and recorded in a database. Seed nuts were purchased from farmers who own these trees and subsequently distributed (in batches of 400) to ten selected (age, gender, location) lead farmers to establish coconut seedling nurseries. Each lead farmer was assisted by 10 second ring farmers in the establishment of their nurseries under CARDI supervision. Results to date show that weed control and irrigation were important nursery activities. Some nurseries needed to be fenced to counter damage by animals (cows, sheep, goats). Average germination of seed nuts was approximately 50%. Available seedlings are being distributed to second ring farmers and lead farmers. CARDI will continue the national survey to identify outstanding mother palms. Measures to increase average germination must also be implemented. Local coconut seedling nurseries should therefore be encouraged as their “success” will alleviate the pressure to import seed nuts thus avoiding the attendant risk of introducing exotic diseases (e.g. lethal yellowing disease) into Guyana. Further, given that a coconut palm will live 50 to 70 years, the importance of carefully selecting premium quality coconut seedlings as a bedrock to develop and grow the industry cannot be over emphasized.

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to analyze a tiering scoping approach developed to identify critical multidimensional sustainability issues and impacts of a large infrastructure project: the land transport project linking northern Brazil with a new port on Guyana’s coast. The Inter-American Development Bank awarded a technical assignment to develop the terms of reference of a country environmental assessment, a strategic environmental and social assessment and an environmental and social impact assessment of the project(s). The complexity of the issues at stake lead to the design of a tiered assessment process supported by wide-ranging participative sessions involving 170 individuals from Guyana and Brazil and from diverse sectors. The process identified ex ante conditionalities, critical factors for decision-making and valued socioenvironmental and governance components. Such complex and determinant planning initiatives for the future of a country need to be supported by comprehensive, well-sequenced scoping processes.

Established in 1960, the Bank is the financial institution of the Central American Economic Integration and aims to implement the economic integration and balanced economic growth of the member states.

Se describen rasgos geomorfolgicos de los Bancos de Salmedina mediante el anlisis de la batimetra, videotransectos georeferenciados e imgenes de ecosonda multihaz en modo de 2 sonar lateral. La zona estudiada tiene un rea total de 10.5 km de 2 los cuales 4 km correspondieron a las zonas propiamente 2 arrecifales y 0.45 km a lodos finos y lodolitos de origen diaprico. Los Bancos estn compuestos por 5 elevaciones que * corresponden a: Salmedina, Burbujas, Ygio, Kubina y Ukura . La geomorfologa de estas formaciones se encuentra determinada por la influencia del oleaje predominante del noroeste, la actividad diaprica, muy reciente en el Banco Burbujas, representada