Halma (United Kingdom)

Since prehistoric times, the northern part of Bourgogne/Franche-Comté (east central France) has been an attractive transition area for populations and fauna, allowing movement from central to western Europe (and vice versa) via the Upper Danube Basin and the Belfort Gap. It also constitutes a North-South and South-North transition area via the main river valleys (Saône, Rhône, Rhine, Meuse, Moselle). In this region, the topography is varied and defined by hills that rise to between 300 and 600 m asl, including the Morvan and Côte-d’Or mountains, the Vosges hills and mountains and the foothill plateaux of the Jura. Prehistoric populations settled here at different times and for different durations. The late Middle Paleolithic and the Upper Paleolithic are the best represented prehistoric periods in the region. Since 2005, our research on the Middle Paleolithic has revealed that the lithic assemblages have many affinities with those of central Europe (Alth-mülian, Micoquien, Eastern Mousterian) including with facies dating to the transition with the Upper Paleolithic (Szélétien, Jankovichien, etc.). A spatio-temporal study shows that while topographical, geological (including raw material availability) and environmental factors facilitated the movement of and/or occupation by people and animals, this scenario cannot be applied in a blanket manner, varying locally and over time. Recent integrated scientific research, encompassing absolute dating, paleoenvironmental work, zooarchaeological studies and in-depth techno-typological analyses, sheds new light on the occupation of this part of France and Europe.

The purpose of this study is to know the method of habituation can improve the behavior of children's discipline in Kindergarten IT Insan Kamil Group B1. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK). Research subjects were 19 people. The design stage of the study includes planning, action or implementation, observation and reflection Technique of collecting data used is observation.The results obtained that the application of methods of habituation can improve the behavior of children's discipline in Kansan Integrated Islamic Kindergarten in Group B1 of South Halmahera Regency. In the first cycle of the observation results showed that the average of 20% of the ability of children has not developed and 43,5% of the ability of children began to develop while in cycle II there is an increase, the ability of children to develop as expectations of 56,27% and 26,75% very good growth.

This study aims to describe the determinants of land area, capital and labor to the production of lowland rice. This research was conducted in Makarti Village, West Kao District, North Halmahera Regency. This research lasted for three months, namely from March to May 2017. Sampling in this study used proportional area random sampling. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. The results of the study indicated that the area of land determines the yield of production because by adding land area the yield will tend to increase. Capital determines production results because by adding capital it can increase production. Labor also determines the yield of rice. These three factors are closely related and mutually supportive in increasing the yield of rice cultivation. This study concludes that the determinants of land area, capital, and labor tend to increase the yield of rice production.*epm*

This research is making use of descriptive qualitative method. The data are collected with the method of Sudaryanto (1993) that is listening and interviewing method, make use the technique of free listening and interviewing with a list of questionaire. This research makes use the theory of Burning (1970) and Koentjaraningrat (1980) to answer the first problem, and of Spradley (1979) and Casson (1981) to the second one. The result of this research shows that the consanguinal kinship terms are Baba (father), Tou (grandfather), Wos (ego’s father), Galawewe (father of ego’s grandfather), Karekare ( grandfather of Ego’s grandfather), Baay (ego’s mother), Nene (mother’s mother), Nenewos (mother of nene), Nenegalawewe (mother of nenewos), Nenekarekare (mother nenegalawewe). Nikmapin (wife of masculine ego), Nikmon (husband of feminine ego), Tamno (ego’s elder brother), Thano (ego’s younger brother), Damo 1 (ego’s sister), Damo 2 (ego’s brother), Mtu (ego’s child), Bbu (ego’s grandchild), Bbuwos (child of ego’s grandchild), Bbugalawewe (grandchild of ego’s grandchild), Bbukarekare (buyut dari ego). Afinal kinship terms: Nikmon (husband), Nikmapin (wife), Tafu (brother in-law), Hono (sister in-law), Iho (in-laws), Akmomon (wife’s father), Akmomapin (wife’s mother), Haliha (mother/father in-laws), Kanglolo (elder brother of father or mother), Kangkutu (younger brother of father or mother), Baaylolo (mother’s elder sister), Jojo (mother’s younger sister). Other kinship terms include: Jau (Allah), Kakang (guru ngaji), Engku (masculine teacher), Encik (feminine teacher). Keywords: kindship terms of East Makian language