Hannan University

Climate change is a global concern driven by increasing pollution through rising CO2 emissions and growing ecological footprint from human activities. This research investigates how environmental quality (proxied by CO2 emissions and ecological footprint) in Indonesia is affected by multiple factors, including natural disasters, fossil fuels, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and capital formation from 1965 to 2022. The analysis employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, with robustness ensured using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), followed by Granger causality tests to examine dynamic relationships between variables. The findings show that natural disasters, fossil fuel consumption, and economic growth contribute to increasing CO2 emissions in the long run, while renewable energy consumption helps reduce them. Natural disasters exhibit a negative but insignificant impact on the ecological footprint. Economic growth increases the ecological footprint, whereas capital formation helps reduce it in the long run. In the short run, fossil fuels are found to increase CO2 emissions, while renewable energy reduces them. Natural disasters are found to increase the ecological footprint. Additionally, the Granger causality test confirms a unidirectional relationship from both natural disasters and economic growth to environmental quality. This study recommends that Indonesia implement integrated strategies focused on accelerating green energy adoption and enhancing disaster resilience to achieve environmental quality.

日本超音波医学会より公示された，超音波検査の「パニック所見：緊急に対応すべき異常所見」の，泌尿器領域のパニック所見のポイントについて解説した．泌尿器領域の「緊急所見」は，腎外傷や腎腫瘍の破裂などに起因する後腹膜腔の液体貯留が該当する．腎は後腹膜に位置しGerota筋膜に囲まれているという解剖学的な特徴から，直ちに治療しなければ死に至る頻度は低い．バイタルサインと合わせて超音波所見を確認し，「準緊急所見」として対応できる場合が多いと思われる．泌尿器領域の「準緊急所見」は2つあり，一つは両側腎盂（腎杯）の拡張である．腎盂だけが拡張する腎外腎盂はパニック所見とする必要はない．片腎が無機能腎の場合は，対側の腎盂腎杯の拡張もパニック所見である．もう一つは発熱や圧痛を伴う腫瘤像（内部エコーを伴う液体貯留）である．発熱や圧痛を伴う腎感染症で，腫瘤像（内部エコーを伴う液体貯留），腎内気腫像，デブリを伴う腎盂拡張を認める場合は「準緊急所見」である．

In political philosophy, reflective equilibrium is a standard method used to systematically reconcile intuitive judgments with theoretical principles. In this paper, we propose that survey experiments and a model selection method—i.e., the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)-based model selection method—can be viewed together as a methodological means of satisfying the epistemic desiderata implicit in reflective equilibrium. To show this, we conduct a survey experiment on two theories of distributive justice, prioritarianism and sufficientarianism. Our experimental test case and AIC-based model selection method demonstrate that the refined sufficientarian principle, a widely accepted principle of distributive justice, is no more plausible than the prioritarian principle. This tells us that some changes of certain intuitions revolving around sufficientarianism should be examined (separately) based on the findings of the survey experiment and AIC model selection. This shows the potential of our approach—both practically and methodologically—as a novel way of applying reflective equilibrium in political philosophy.

This paper addresses a multi-lingual pseudo natural language programming for college education, to introduce basics of computer science and support to develop applications. In this paper, we at first explain the background of this research, and we discuss to improve the prototype and evaluation.

ABSTRACT Private educational activities designed to enhance student outcomes outside the formal schooling system are increasingly referred to as shadow education. In Japan, shadow education traditionally consists of for-profit cram schools or juku. Juku take many forms in Japan, yet their primary function is to offer students extra educational opportunities. As such, there is a strong belief that investment in shadow education leads to a higher educational level, thereby strengthening educational inequality by unfairly advantaging families of higher socio-economic status (SES). By applying Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of social reproduction and symbolic violence, this study seeks to elucidate the extent to which neoliberal policies and a lack of guidance from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) have allowed shadow education in Japan to sustain anti-meritocratic access to higher education. The study critically analyses how laissez-faire policy-making decisions, a reliance on juku attendance, and an emphasis on English language as a test subject operate in conjunction with neoliberal policies to disadvantage lower SES families through uneven access to educational opportunities.

PurposeTo investigate the clinical practices of diagnosing multicystic cervical lesions as a means to develop a more appropriate diagnostic algorithm for gastric-type adenocarcinoma (GAS) and its precursors.MethodsClinical information for 159 surgically treated patients for multicystic disease of the uterine cervix was collected from 15 hospitals. We performed a central review of the MRI and pathological findings. The MRI findings were categorized into four types including two newly proposed imaging features based on the morphology and distribution of cysts, and the diagnosis accuracy was assessed. Among the four MRI types, types 1 and 2 were categorized as benign lesions that included LEGH; type 3 were precancerous lesions (with an assumption of atypical LEGH); and type 4 were malignant lesions.ResultsThe central pathological review identified 56 cases of LEGH, seven with GAS, four with another form of carcinoma, and 92 with benign disease. In clinical practice, over-diagnosis of malignancy (suspicion of MDA) occurred for 12/19 cases (63.2%) and under-diagnosis of malignancy occurred for 4/11 (36%). Among the 118 patients who had a preoperative MRI and underwent a hysterectomy, type 3 or 4 MRI findings in conjunction with abnormal cytology were positively indicative of premalignancy or malignancy, with a sensitivity and specificity of 61.1% and 96.7%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough the correct preoperative diagnosis of cervical cancer with a multicystic lesion is challenging, the combination of cytology and MRI findings creates a more appropriate diagnostic algorithm that significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy for differentiating benign disease from premalignancy and malignancy.