Harman (Germany)

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. The study, based on a comparative analysis, provides an answer to the question about the features of designing strategies for involvement in scientific activities among male and female students at regional universities. <strong>Background</strong>. Traditionally, science is considered a male field of activity, less accessible to women. The article presents a point of view according to which gender stereotypes are the basis of gender asymmetry in science. A special role in the transmission of gender norms at the stage of primary gender socialization is assigned to the family and school, while the fact of gender stereotyping constructed by education in the choice of profession is stated. Girls, even with academic success, reproduce outdated gender stereotypes, considering science as a sphere of “male self-realization”. <strong>Study design</strong>. The collection of data on the social perceptions and social attitudes of the students was carried out using the "Scientific Priorities" questionnaire (25 statements about science). This questionnaire was filled in by the study participants based on 8 modalities (“important to me”/high personal importance; “ready to participate”/willingness to act; “important for my faculty”; “important for my university”; “important for the Russian science”; “important for the development of science and universities in the countries of the East”; “important for the development of science and universities in the countries of the West”; “important for the development of world science as a whole”). Next, a comparative analysis of 2 groups (male and female students) was used with interpretation in line with gender methodology. <strong>Participants</strong>. Sample: 387 students (321 female students and 66 male students) specializing in medicine, psychology and pedagogy from the universities of Kirov, Kursk and Nizhny Novgorod. <strong>Measurements</strong>. The survey questionnaire “Scientific priorities” focused on the objectives of the study was used. The statements in the questionnaire are combined into four blocks: traditional ideas about the development of science; current trends; block of socio-economic deprivation; sensitivity to political change. <strong>Results</strong>. At regional universities, male students studying at the faculties of “helping professions”, defining the priorities of scientific development, formulate them in accordance with the values and priorities of “male culture”: a technological bias, a high role of competition and an orientation towards a high status of a scientist in society. At regional universities, female students studying at the faculties of “helping professions” demonstrate an interest in the development of science, but do not consider science as a “personal project”. In addition, when studying the social ideas and attitudes of students in the field of science development, the phenomenon of a positive assessment of a remote object was revealed. Among the male and female students surveyed, the social perceptions of Russian science turned out to be the most consimilar. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. It is concluded that gender stereotypes reproduced at the level of students' self-concept are oriented towards supporting the usual format of “masculinization of science”. However, to restore the positions of female students in the field of scientific work, it is not enough just to change gender stereotypes and social perceptions. To support women researchers, social programs are needed to help girls combine professional life in science and motherhood.</p>

The increasing number of smart objects in our everyday life shapes how we interact beyond the desktop. In this workshop we discuss how advanced interactions with smart objects in the context of the Internet-of-Thingsshould be designed from various perspectives, such as HCI and AI as well as industry and academia.

Das vorliegende Kapitel gibt einen einleitenden Uberblick uber das Zweitmeinungsverfahren im deutschen Gesundheitssystem. Dadurch soll der Leser an verschiedene, mit dem Zweitmeinungsverfahren verbundene Themen, herangefuhrt werden. Es wird erlautert, welche Rechte ein Patient hat und welche Ziele durch das Zweitmeinungsverfahren aus Sicht der Krankenkasse und aus Sicht des Patienten verfolgt werden. Zudem wird der Leser daruber aufgeklart, wer die Kosten eines Zweitmeinungsverfahrens ubernimmt und ob dieses auch einen wirtschaftlichen Erlos nach sich zieht. Schlussendlich befasst sich das Kapitel mit der Frage, inwiefern das Einholen einer Zweitmeinung einen Einfluss auf das Arzt-Patienten-Verhaltnis haben konnte und welche Wege zukunftig eingeleitet werden mussen, um die potenziell negativen Folgen eines Zweitmeinungsverfahrens zu minimieren.

Variability management of a product family is the core aspect of Software Product Line Engineering. The adoption of this mature approach requires a high upfront investment before being able to automatically generate product instances based on customer requirements. However, this adoption costs and risks could be reduced with an incremental approach, which mines existing assets and then transitions to full product line engineering. Those existing assets can be for instance similar product variants that were implemented using ad-hoc reuse techniques such as clone-and-own. Hence, there is a great need of bottom-up approaches that extract variability from the artifacts (across all the life cycle) of the legacy product variants and manage the consolidated variability. The REVE workshop series aims to bring together the Reengineering and Software Product Line Engineering communities to address this gap.

Vorlaufige Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass die Behandlung von Sinusvenenthrombosen mit Rivaroxaban eine Behandlungsoption sein kann.

The cross-ambiguity function (CAF) is commonly used to analyze the delay-Doppler characteristics of signals in radar, sonar, and communication systems. Accordingly, a CAF relates to the correlation processing of signals in the presence of delays and Doppler shifts. In this paper, we use a metaheuristic approach to address the CAF synthesis problem by jointly designing a pair of waveforms. The CAF of waveforms designed in this way, approximates a desired pre-defined CAF. It turns out that the waveforms designed by this approach have the benefit of low peak-to-average power ratios. Numerical examples are presented to show that nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms can be used as an effective tool to synthesize different types of CAFs.

Communication between engineers and lawyers can be less than ideal, but improving it has far-reaching benefits and can help companies avoid risk. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/d5KB-Qwv4t4 is an audio recording from the Computing and the Law column, in which the authors discuss how to improve interactions between company engineers and lawyers, as well as the positive impact this can have on the company's bottom line.