Health Foundation Limburg

The aim of this study was to determine the best predictors of safe sex practices among HIV seropositive gay men. A group of 96 homosexual men living with HIV completed a questionnaire that investigated theoretical constructs of the Ajzen's (1988) theory of planned behavior with respect to condom use for anal intercourse and sexual practices without anal intercourse. Other variables such as Triandis's (1977) construct of personal normative belief, psychological distress, and alcohol and drug use before sexual encounters were also investigated. Results indicated that the best predictor of intention to use condoms was perceived behavioral control. Personal normative belief was another important predictor of this intention. Although the best predictor of intention to have only sex without anal intercourse was perceived subjective norm, this intention was also significantly explained by perceived behavioral control. Moreover, perceived behavioral control was a significant predictor of having only sex without anal intercourse. Public health interventions among HIV seropositive gay men should aim mainly at increasing perception of behavioral control.

In this study, exploring the worry experienced by patients in the GP waiting room and the reasons for being worried, 791 patients completed a structured questionnaire just before they consulted their GP, and afterwards. The perceptions of the patients concerning the complaint and the need for more information about the complaint played an important role in the degree of worry. Patients who wanted more information about the complaint were more worried than the patients who did not feel they needed more information. Not surprisingly, the more serious the patients perceived the complaint to be and the greater the perceived chance of serious disease, the more worried they were. General health status and frequency of consultations per year were related to the degree of general worry. According to the patient self-reports, worry was almost never due to information from the mass media or from other persons, or to a concern for the consultation itself. Patients generally evaluated the consultation as positive with respect to the way their worry was discussed. The decrease in worry after consulting the GP, in patients who were positive about the consultation was significantly higher than that in patients who were less positive. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

A multicentre controlled randomized education study was performed to evaluate an education programme for insulin-treated diabetic patients. The main objective of the education programme, which took place on an out-patient basis, was to improve the level of self-care of the participants. Fifteen randomly recruited hospitals (558 patients) were equally divided into three groups: two experimental groups who completed the programme under the guidance of a health care professional or a fellow patient, and a control group. Patients in the experimental group were evaluated four times and those in the control group twice, with an intervening period of 6 to 7 months. The effect of the programme on metabolic control, quality of life, and costs of therapy was assessed. No significant effect of education of any one of these variables could be found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The purpose of this study was to determine the variability and reliability of joint measurements as carried out by three physician observers. The intratester variation and reliability of nine different joint measurements was determined in eight healthy subjects. The measurements were taken in eight sessions by each tester. In this population also the intertester variation and reliability was determined by the three observers. This was also done in a population of middle-aged athletes over a period of 2.5 years. The results indicate that it is difficult to show either an improvement or worsening of a joint motion of less than 5 degrees to 10 degrees for most joints measured by the same tester. The intertester variation is not consistent over a longer period of time, so differences between observers during long-term studies cannot be corrected on the basis of a single study at a single point in time. The reliability of all nine joint measurements is not very high, but is probably sufficient if the results are used to compare groups within a single population and for large studies with experienced observers. Because the reliability strongly depends on the interindividual variation, it is preferable to determine the reliability for each study population.