Heilongjiang Provincial Environmental Science Research Institute

Rice bakanae disease (RBD), primarily caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is a seed-borne fungal disease causing significant economic losses worldwide. Fungicide resistance in F. fujikuroi to carbendazim, prochloraz, and phenamacril is widespread in China, necessitating new management strategies. This study evaluated the potential of prothioconazole (PTC) and carboxin (CBX) for RBD control and resistance management. In 2024, 171 F. fujikuroi strains were collected from Jiangsu Province and identified based on their morphological characteristics and translation elongation factor 1-α sequences. The resistance frequencies of these strains to carbendazim, prochloraz, and phenamacril were 47.37%, 49.12%, and 26.32%, respectively. Phenotypic profiling identified eight resistance types, with 1.17% of strains resistant to all three fungicides, 34.50% showing dual resistance, and only 14.04% fully sensitive. The mean half-maximal effective concentration values of PTC and CBX for inhibiting mycelial growth against the 171 F. fujikuroi strains were 0.0370 ± 0.0010 and 10.9753 ± 0.5877 μg mL-1, respectively, with no cross-resistance to the three conventional fungicides. A 1:2 mixture of PTC and CBX showed synergistic inhibition of mycelial growth in vitro. In two-year field trials (2024-2025), seed soaking with the PTC:CBX (1:2) mixture at 0.075 a.i. g L-1 provided more than 92% control efficacy against RBD, outperforming six registered fungicides. F. fujikuroi populations in Jiangsu show high resistance to conventional fungicides. The PTC:CBX (1:2) mixture offers an effective and practical resistance management strategy for RBD. This study provides foundational data for integrated RBD management strategies in China. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is vital in maintaining ammonia and glutamate (Glu) homeostasis in living organisms. However, the natural enzyme relies on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to activate Glu, resulting in impaired GS function during ATP-deficient neurotoxic events. To date, no reports demonstrate using artificial nanostructures to mimic GS function. In this study, we synthesize aggregation-induced emission active polyP-Mn nanosheets (STPE-PMNSs) based on end-labeled polyphosphate (polyP), exhibiting remarkable GS-like activity independent of ATP presence. Further investigation reveals polyP in STPE-PMNSs serves as phosphate source to activate Glu at low ATP levels. This self-feeding mechanism offers a significant advantage in regulating Glu homeostasis at reduced ATP levels in nerve cells during excitotoxic conditions. STPE-PMNSs can effectively promote the conversion of Glu to glutamine (Gln) in excitatory neurotoxic human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and alleviate Glu-induced neurotoxicity. Additionally, the fluorescence signal of nanosheets enables precise monitoring of the subcellular distribution of STPE-PMNSs. More importantly, the intracellular fluorescence signal is enhanced in a conversion-responsive manner, allowing real-time tracking of reaction progression. This study presents a self-sustaining strategy to address GS functional impairment caused by ATP deficiency in nerve cells during neurotoxic events. Furthermore, it offers a fresh perspective on the potential biological applications of polyP-based nanostructures.

Triclocarban (TCC), an emerging organic contaminant, poses a potential threat to human health with long-term exposure. Here, Rhodococcus rhodochrous BX2 and Pseudomonas sp. LY-1 were utilized to degrade TCC at environmental related concentrations for enhancing TCC biodegradation and investigating whether the toxicity of intermediate metabolites is lower than that of the parent compound. The results demonstrated that the bacterial consortium could degrade TCC by 82.0% within 7 days. The calculated 96 h LC50 for TCC, as well as its main degradation product 3,4-Dichloroaniline (DCA) were 0.134 mg/L and 1.318 mg/L respectively. Biodegradation also alleviated histopathological lesions induced by TCC in zebrafish liver and gut tissues. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed that biodegradation weakened differential expression of genes involved in disrupted immune regulation and lipid metabolism caused by TCC, verified through RT-qPCR analysis and measurement of related enzyme activities and protein contents. 16 S rRNA sequencing indicated that exposure to TCC led to gut microbial dysbiosis, which was efficiently improved through TCC biodegradation, resulting in decreased relative abundances of major pathogens. Overall, this study evaluated potential environmental risks associated with biodegradation of TCC and explored possible biodetoxification mechanisms, providing a theoretical foundation for efficient and harmless bioremediation of environmental pollutants.

Background: SNI People's Market is a national standard in the construction and management of trade facilities. The Healthy Market implementation policy serves to regulate the health of the market environment. The policy of implementing SNI for People's Market and the policy of organizing Healthy Market are expected to be the guidelines in managing people's market. However, in reality, not all public markets in DKI Jakarta implement the two policies. The purpose of the research is to analyze the condition of public markets in Perumda Pasar Jaya in terms of SNI criteria for Public Markets and Healthy Markets, and analyze the implementation of SNI for Public Markets and Healthy Markets and based on the assessment of the central government and local government. Methods: The research method used is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods using a qualitative approach that combines descriptive statistics and a comparison matrix. Results: The research results based on field observations show that the condition of public markets in Perumda Pasar Jaya has limitations in the provision of facilities that are a requirement in the implementation of SNI for Public Markets and Healthy Markets. In addition, the implementation of SNI People's Market and Healthy Market has obstacles in its implementation from the point of view of the central government and local government.

Bridge inspections performed by the response of the moving vehicle have been widely studied because of its mobility and efficiency, whereas mode shapes extracted by the moving vehicle have low order and limited accuracy in existing studies. In this study, experimental studies are conducted in which a stationary shaker is used to excite the steady-state-forced vibration of the bridge, and the bridge vibration is collected by an accelerometer installed on a moving vehicle. Accurate multiorder mode shapes are obtained by extracting the vehicle acceleration envelope. First, a theoretical derivation of the method is provided, and an extraction process for field tests is proposed. Then, a model test of a three-span continuous beam bridge and a field test of a two-span continuous girder bridge are conducted. To verify the accuracy of the mode shapes extracted by the moving vehicle, reference data are obtained by finite-element modal analysis and by using the hammer test. Through a difference analysis of accelerations between the parked vehicle and the bridge deck under the test vehicle, the ability of the designed test vehicle to collect bridge vibration in different frequency bands is evaluated. Finally, the first five mode shapes of the bridge model and the first six mode shapes of the field bridge are extracted by a moving test vehicle, and the effects of vehicle speed and excitation amplitude on mode shape extraction are analyzed. The results show that multiorder mode shapes can be accurately extracted by a moving test vehicle.

Abstract The InVEST model was used to verify the accuracy of the simulation results of the InVEST model by using the source list method to improve the identification efficiency of key source areas of TP non-point source pollution in the Nanyi Lake Basin. The results showed that the TP non-point source pollution in Nanyi Lake was affected by the pollution source, the filtration rate of pollution load, and the mass concentration of potential TP runoff. The InVEST model has good applicability in areas where agricultural TP is the main source of pollution. This study shows that the InVEST model combined with the source list method provides a more effective method for identifying the key source areas of TP non-point source pollution in the river basin, and formulates corresponding measures according to their pollution characteristics, so as to provide a reference for the control of non-point source pollution in the basin.

Biomass pretreatment is a critical method for improving the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of lignocellulosic feedstocks. In this study, an effective combined ammonia–autoclave pretreatment method was selected for the pretreatment of corn straw at 90 °C using four ammonia concentrations (7%, 9%, 11%, and 13%). The results showed that the combined pretreatment improved the substrate’s degradation efficiency and the system’s buffer capacity, and significantly improved the hydrolysis and biogas production performance of corn straw. After pretreatment, the lignin removal rate increased by 11.28–39.69%, and the hemicellulose degradation rate increased from 10.12% to 21.23%. Pretreatment of corn straw with 9% ammonia and an autoclave gave the highest methane yield of 257.11 mL/gVS, which was 2.32-fold higher than that of untreated corn straw, making it the optimal pretreatment condition for corn straw. Therefore, the combined ammonia–autoclave pretreatment technology can further improve the AD performance of corn straw.