HiETA Technologies (United Kingdom)

The objective of this comprehensive pan-cancer study is to evaluate the potential of deep learning (DL) for molecular profiling of multi-omic biomarkers directly from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images. A total of 12,093 DL models predicting 4031 multi-omic biomarkers across 32 cancer types were trained and validated. The study included a broad range of genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic biomarkers, as well as established prognostic markers, molecular subtypes, and clinical outcomes. Here we show that 50% of the models achieve an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.644 or higher. The observed AUC for 25% of the models is at least 0.719 and exceeds 0.834 for the top 5%. Molecular profiling with image-based histomorphological features is generally considered feasible for most of the investigated biomarkers and across different cancer types. The performance appears to be independent of tumor purity, sample size, and class ratio (prevalence), suggesting a degree of inherent predictability in histomorphology. The results demonstrate that DL holds promise to predict a wide range of biomarkers across the omics spectrum using only H&E-stained histological slides of solid tumors. This paves the way for accelerating diagnosis and developing more precise treatments for cancer patients.

The organic petrology and nano-scale geochemistry of Goldwyer Formation, Canning Basin were mapped to identify the organic macerals, their probable origin and their control by lithofacies. Samples were selected from Theia-1 and Solanum-1 guided by fine-scale lithology, logs and adjacent RockEval data. Most are from the Goldwyer III mudstone in Theia-1, where the highest TOC and gas readings occur, with the rest from Goldwyer I and Goldwyer II units in Theia-1 and a few from Goldwyer I in Solanum-1. The organic macerals were identified by incident and fluorescent light microscopy and inorganic and organic grains were analysed via Time of Flight - Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to obtain Mass-Spectrogram fingerprints for bituminite, graptolites, algae and possibly bacteria/archaea. The shale minerals are dominated by illite with minor quartz or carbonate, the proportions of which vary correspondingly between the argillaceous, siliceous and calcareous shales. The organics in most samples are dominated by graptolites (vitrinite equivalent macerals), either Detrovitrinite from broken graptolite fragments or Telovitrinite (elongate graptolite stipes or branches). In contrast, a limited number of samples contain a high proportion of Liptinites, mainly fluorescing Bituminite groundmass and Lamalginite (thin algal lamellae or filaments). Discrete algal bodies of G. prisca are rare and seem to be restricted to very thin beds mainly within the Goldwyer I sequence. The maceral compositions control the potential gas zones found during drilling of Theia-1. The zones dominated by graptolites have low potential for hydrocarbons. In contrast, the zones with a pervasive Bituminite groundmass (probably derived from degradation of algae by bacteria/archaea) and filamentous Lamalginite bands are lipid-rich and correspond with the main hydrocarbon-bearing zones in Theia-1. This contrasts with the perception from previous studies that the discrete G. prisca algal bodies would be the main source of hydrocarbons.

To date, 59 countries, representing 54% of global greenhouse gas emissions have made pledges for net-zero emissions targets within this century. This will require cleaner and more efficient sources of energy which is driving research into small-scale engines and auxiliary power units for hybrid vehicles and stationary power generation. A suitable candidate for such applications is the micro gas turbine due to its high-power density, reliability and low emissions. Further development of such engines is required though due to their increasing parasitic energy losses relative to net power output as size decreases. Additive manufacturing offers the design freedom to not only increase efficiencies but to also reduce emissions when applied to the various components of micro gas turbines. This article reports the effects of several additive manufacturing (AM) enabled design features for micro gas turbine combustion chambers via experimental testing of full-scale parts. The main objective of the additively manufactured features is the reduction of exhaust emissions by improving the air-fuel mixture distribution and consequently ignition and combustion. Using additive manufacturing a novel conical radial swirl-stabilized tubular combustor with internal vane fuel injection was created as a baseline for the laboratory testing. Several other features, including augmented backside liner cooling surfaces, in-vane lattice structures for fuel mixing and upstream liner fuel injection rings were also generated to further the investigations into additively manufactured features and their effects on fuel mixing. Using multiple combinations of all these features, 10 geometries were generated and tested at a variety of operating conditions. Three inlet temperatures were tested (500°C, 600°C and 700°C) with varying fuel flow rates to investigate their operating limits at a constant inlet pressure of 4 bar absolute. Test results for the full range of equivalence ratios and operating conditions showed that the upstream liner fuel injection designs generated NOx, CO and THC emissions on par with the baseline but showed a reduction in the maximum and minimum operating ranges. This design, however, demonstrated the distinct advantage of being able to ignite at full air mass flow; this is not possible with the baseline designs and is also an added benefit to its main use which is the reduction of liner temperature. Overall, the test results underscore that designing combustion chambers for additive manufacturing can provide a myriad of benefits not only for micro gas turbines but also for other applications requiring high efficiency combustion chambers.

Summary Theia-1 was drilled more than 35 km from the nearest well control point in a region of the onshore Canning basin (Broome Platform), where well intersections of the target LGS are sparse. Utilising the developed methodology of first exploring regionally through the integration of all available regional geoscience data at macroscopic and microscopic scales and then assessing key play elements, it was possible to significantly reduce exploration risk and achieve successful Theia-1 outcomes. Furthermore, it has been possible to quantify the technically recoverable resources by integrating the basin modelling, well data, and engineering data to provide confidence for further exploration effort in the frontier onshore Canning Basin in Western Australia. Moreover, the work performed to date provides incentive to explore the prospectivity of the deeper Nambeet Formation, deemed to be a tight wet-gas play based on regional well intersection and basin modelling work performed to date. Despite the challenges associated with exploration in a frontier region, the onshore Canning Basin hosts compelling petroleum resources which may provide energy security and economic prosperity to Australia.

Abstract Compliance with incoming new emission standards such as Euro6d and China6b will require new approaches to the design of thermally loaded automotive components e.g. turbochargers, exhaust valves and manifolds. However, the validation of those new designs and the need for a rapid market entry will require new temperature measurement technologies to provide accurate data across the entire component. A limited number of techniques are currently available, and all have limitations in the harsh operating conditions of turbomachinery. A new technique, called Thermal History Paint (THP), has been developed to overcome these limitations to enable accurate temperature profiles to be recorded in harsh environments. There are limited publications that cover the use of this technique and this paper demonstrates the capability of the THP through the implementation on turbocharger turbine wheels. A cooled, hollow radial turbine wheel was designed, manufactured via 3D printing and tested. A solid wheel of the same external dimensions was manufactured and tested under the same conditions to act as a baseline. The THP was used to measure the temperature profile of the blade surfaces and to quantify the effectiveness of the cooling. The paint exhibited good durability through the tests of both wheels in a hot gas rig at the University of Bath. Specific calibration data were generated for the test and the repeatability of the measurements was determined to be within 8K. Both the cooled and baseline wheels were measured at many locations and the THP recorded a significantly higher temperature on the baseline solid wheel. The measured temperature profiles were in good agreement with expectation and CFD simulations. The results enable the validation of thermal models and demonstrate the capability of the new measurement technique.

Exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine (ICE) contain approximately 30% of the total energy released from combustion of the fuel. In order to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions, there are a number of technologies available to recover some of the otherwise wasted energy. The inverted Brayton cycle (IBC) is one such technology. The purpose of the study is to conduct a parametric experimental investigation of the IBC. Hot air from a turbocharger test facility is used. The system is sized to operate using the exhaust gases produced by a 2 litre turbocharged engine at motorway cruise conditions. A number of parameters are investigated that impact the performance of the system such as turbine inlet temperature, system pressure drop and compressor inlet temperature. The results confirm that the output power is strongly affected by the turbine inlet temperature and system pressure drop. The study also highlights the packaging and performance advantages of using a 3D printed heat exchanger to reject the excess heat. Due to rotordynamic issues, the speed of the system was limited to 80,000 rpm rather than the target 120,000 rpm. However, the results show that the system can generate a specific work of up to 17 kJ/kg at 80,000 rpm. At full speed it is estimated that the system can develop approximately 47 kJ/kg, which represents a thermal efficiency of approximately 5%.

Measurement of wound size can predict healing and provide information to guide treatment. This study assesses a novel optical wound imaging system that creates a three-dimensional image of the ulcer. Using a new camera-based digital system and traditional elliptical wound measurements, 36 foot ulcers from 31 patients (aged 44-94 years, median 70 years) were examined during a 12-week period at two centres. Median diabetes duration was 18 years (range 6-56 years). Seventeen percent had Type 1 diabetes, 93% had peripheral neuropathy and 57% had peripheral artery disease. Twenty-five were reviewed consecutively, resulting in 76 ulcer examinations. Median ulcer size was 94 mm(2), with size ranging from 3.1 to 2195 mm(2). Pearson, Spearman and Kendall rank coefficients showed a strong correlation (in all cases P < 0.001) between digital measurements of wounds against traditional hand-measured estimates. Intra-observer variation of wound length using digital elliptical measurement (DEM) gave a coefficient of variation of < 3.0%. Interobserver variation of wound length using DEM was < 6.5%. Variation from a standard known-size wound area was < 8.0% across 30 trials. This study shows a strong correlation between digital and traditional measurement techniques. The system can be easily deployed in routine clinical practice, providing an objective visual record, allowing remote in-depth analysis.