Higher Institute of Advanced Studies

The structural equation model is used to examine the relationship between regulatory constraints measured by investment to paid capital, cash to paid capital, government securities and certificate, and firm size (algorithm of total assets) on financial performance measured by liquidity, Return on equity and Return on assets of insurance industry in Egypt. The results showed that the relationship between regulatory constraints and return on equity is such that there is a significant negative effect of the construct the independent variables in terms of investment, cash, and government securities and secure certificates (X₃), on the dependent proxy, return on equity. However, the later independent proxy of the algorithm of total assets (lnx4) has a positive impact on the dependent proxy in terms of return on equity and a significant negative impact of the independent proxies' investment, and cash on the dependent variables return on assets. However, the later independent variable of the algorithm of total assets (lnx4) has a positive effect on the dependent variable of return on assets. This validates the second research hypothesis, as the independent variables investment, cash, and algorithm of total assets (lnx4) have a significant effect on the dependent variable return on assets. Beside that there is a significant negative effect of the independent variables investment X₁, and cash X₂ on the dependent variable liquidity. However, the later independent variable of (lnx4) has a positive effect on the dependent variable liquidity. This validates the third research hypothesis, as the independent variables investment, cash, and algorithm of total assets have a significant effect on the dependent variable liquidity, but an insignificant relationship with government securities.

ملخص البحثلقد إتجهت العديد من الدول المتقدمة مثل اليابان والمملكة المتحدة والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية الي إستخدام السياسات النقدية غير التقليدية وذلك عقب الأزمة المالية العالمية 2008، وذلك لمواجهة أزمة السيولة. وقد أثر إستخدام تلك السياسات علي النشاط الإقتصادي بوجه عام وعلي معدل التضخم بوجه خاص، وهو ما دفعنا الي التعرف علي الأدوات النقدية غير التقليدية وأهدافها الأساسية والحجج النظرية علي إستخدامها وأثرها علي النشاط الإقتصادي وخاصة علي معدل التضخم ويركز تحليلنا علي سياسات بنك إنجلترا واليابان والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية منذ حدوث الأزمة المالية العالمية. AbstractMany developed countries such as japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States have used Unconventional monetary policies after global financial crisis in 2008, that’s in order to face the liquidity crisis. and The use of these policies has affected economic activity in general and the inflation rate in particular, which prompted us to identify unconventional monetary tools, its main objectives, theoretical arguments for its use and its impact on economic activity, especially on the rate of inflation. Our analysis focuses on the policies of the Bank of England, Japan and the United States since The beginning of the global financial crisis.

Nowadays, with the amazing progress in the era of the Fourth industrial revolution (digitalization), entrepreneurial engineering business lays a basis for all new progress in modern industries to boost the economy, thereby improving the quality of life of people. The industry, especially the engineering industries with its feeding industries, is the locomotive of the global economy due to its great diversity, the large number of customers, and the multiplicity of their desires. Therefore, modern automotive industries rely on the good ideas offered by inventors to entrepreneurs, and the development of the economy now rests primarily on the modern industry based on innovative pioneering ideas of inventors and creators, especially the outstanding ones. Moreover, entrepreneurship education and its augmenting courses such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, big data, virtual reality systems, metrology with standardization, and cloud computing in engineering technology curricula have emerged as a necessity to prepare graduates with entrepreneurial characteristics and skills. The paper aims to study the link between entrepreneurship and the transition to the digitalization of the industry according to objective criteria to achieve higher quality products and ensure economic prosperity and society welfare.