Hokkaido Board of Education

社会経済格差は健康格差を生む一因であることが指摘されている。本研究は，身分制社会であった江戸時代において，2集団の人骨からみた健康状態と社会経済格差の間の関連性を明らかにすることを目的とする。本研究では，福岡県北九州市小倉の2遺跡（開善寺跡・京町遺跡）から出土した江戸時代の武士層と推定されている77体の人骨を用いて，死亡年齢，ストレスマーカー，齲歯及び生前喪失歯の分析，それに加えて，社会階層を示す墓制の検討を行った。死亡年齢推定の結果として，開善寺跡の集団においては，成年段階のうちに死亡している女性が男性より多いという特徴を示した。また，開善寺跡の集団を京町遺跡の集団と比較すると，エナメル質減形成，齲歯及び生前喪失歯の出現頻度が低い傾向を示した。この差が生じた要因を明らかにするため，墓制の検討を行った結果，2遺跡間で墓壙の密集度や埋葬施設に占める甕棺の割合が異なる傾向が認められ，開善寺跡の集団は京町遺跡の集団に比べ，社会階層の高い集団である可能性が示唆された。本結果は江戸時代の同一地域内において，社会経済格差が健康格差に影響を与えた一例だと考えられる。

Since its discovery in the early 1960s, the chronology of the Neolithic Gromatukha culture in the Western Amur Region has undergone radical changes. After the appearance of a series of carbon dates based on charcoal and organic remains in clay texture, its initial attribution to the Early and Middle Neolithic (second half of the 5th to 4th millennia BC) was replaced by a much earlier estimate (from 15–16 to 8 cal ka BP). As a result, Gromatukha became not only one of the most ancient Early Neolithic cultures in the Amur Region, but also one with the earliest pottery among forest and riverine hunter-gatherer cultures. To date, its absolute chronology is based on 34 dates including 9 derived from charcoal, 8 from organic remains in clay texture, and 17 from charred remains on pottery samples. The latter are analyzed in this article. The comparison of chronological limits of Gromatukha culture demonstrates that the widest of them concern dates based on organic remains in clay texture (16,260–8010 cal BP), narrower limits relate to estimates based on charred remains on pottery (15,010–9550 cal BP), and narrowest limits, to those based on charcoal (14,820–11,200 cal BP). New series of dates based on charred remains on pottery indicate a span of 5460 years, which is 2790 years less than that based on organic remains in clay texture, and 1840 years more than what the charcoal-derived estimates suggest.