Hollister (United States)

Past research has demonstrated that soilborne pathogens can survive on buried strawberry crowns through fumigation. Devising methods to improve treatment of these tissues could help with disease control. The objectives of this work were to (i) investigate the extent to which fragmenting pathogen-infested crowns could improve fumigant disinfestation efficacy, (ii) evaluate the efficacy of fumigation with chloropicrin alone (Tri-Clor) versus a mixture of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene (Pic-Clor 60), and (iii) characterize the soil concentration and efficacy of fumigants at multiple depths. Fragmenting crowns did not result in improved disinfestation efficacy by any treatment. Neither fumigant achieved adequate Fusarium wilt disease control in the first trial, despite both treatments having high crown disinfestation efficacy. In the second trial, Pic-Clor 60 was significantly more effective than Tri-Clor at disinfesting Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae ( Fof) from strawberry crowns and suppressing Fusarium wilt disease. Broadcast-applied Pic-Clor 60 was significantly more effective than Tri-Clor at controlling Macrophomina phaseolina on crowns and soil across both trials. However, drip-applied Pic-Clor 60 EC was not significantly better than Tri-Clor EC at disinfesting crowns and soil or suppressing subsequent crown rot disease caused by M. phaseolina. Fumigant gas concentrations tended to be highest at the depth of injection (25 cm) and lowest at the 50-cm depth. Overall, these results indicate that there is a consistent advantage to using broadcast Pic-Clor 60 when M. phaseolina is present, but the advantages were not consistent for Fof or when drip applications were made.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the fourth most common preventable hospital-acquired complication for hospitalized trauma patients. Mechanical prophylaxis, using sequential compression or intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices, is recommended alongside pharmacologic prophylaxis for VTE prevention. However, compliance with device use is a barrier that reduces the effectiveness of mechanical prophylaxis. This study aimed to determine whether using the Movement and Compressions (MAC) system compared with an IPC device impacts compliance with mechanical VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients. This study used a before-and-after design with historical control at a Level II trauma center with a convenience sample of adult trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit or acute care floor for at least 24h. We trialed the MAC device for 2 weeks in November and December 2022 with prospective data collection. Data collection for the historical control group occurred retrospectively using patients from a point-in-time audit of IPC device compliance from August and September of 2022. A total of 51 patients met inclusion criteria, with 34 patients in the IPC group and 17 patients in the MAC group. The mean (SD) prophylaxis time was 17.2h per day (4.0) in the MAC group and 7.5h per day (8.8) in the IPC group, which was statistically significant (p < .001). Our findings suggest that the MAC device can improve compliance with mechanical prophylaxis.

We demonstrate the first 200-G O-band coherent PON using a heterogeneously-integrated SiP PIC transmitter as an OLT and PIC/EIC receivers as ONUs. A joint DSCM and NOMA scheme is presented for flexibly dense access scenarios.

Transportation electrification plays a crucial role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enabling the decarbonization of power systems. However, current research on electric vehicles (EVs) only provides a fragmented examination of their impact on power system planning and operation, lacking a comprehensive overview across both transmission and distribution levels. This limits the effectiveness and efficiency of power system solutions for greater EV adoption. Conducting a systematic review of the effects of EVs on power transmission and distribution systems (e.g., grid integration, planning, operation, etc.), this paper aims to bridge the fragmented literature on the topic together by focusing on the interplay between transportation electrification and power systems. The study sheds light on the interplay between transportation electrification and power systems, delving into the importance of classifying EVs and charging infrastructure based on powertrain design, duty cycle, and typical features, as well as methods of capturing charging patterns and determining spatial-temporal charging profiles. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion on the benefits of smart charging and the provision of grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services for maintaining power system reliability. With the holistic systems approach, this paper can identify the main objectives and potential barriers of power transmission and distribution systems in accommodating transportation electrification at scale. Concurrently, it paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of technological innovation, transportation-power system decarbonization, policy pathways, environmental advantages, scenario designs, and avenues for future research.

Passive acoustic monitoring is a promising method for surveying wildlife populations that are easier to detect acoustically than visually. When animal vocalisations can be uniquely identified on an array of sensors, the potential exists to estimate population density through acoustic spatial capture–recapture (ASCR). However, sound classification is imperfect, and in some situations, a high proportion of sounds detected on just a single sensor (‘singletons’) are not from the target species. We present a case study of bowhead whale calls (Baleana mysticetus) collected in the Beaufort Sea in 2010 containing such false positives. We propose a novel extension of ASCR that is robust to false positives by truncating singletons and conditioning on calls being detected by at least two sensors. We allow for individual-level detection heterogeneity through modelling a variable sound source level, model inhomogeneous call spatial density, and include bearings with varying measurement error. We show via simulation that the method produces near-unbiased estimates when correctly specified. Ignoring source-level variation resulted in a strong negative bias, while ignoring inhomogeneous density resulted in severe positive bias. The case study analysis indicated a band of higher call density approximately 30 km from shore; 59.8% of singletons were estimated to have been false positives.

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the atmosphere in the long-range transport of microplastic fibers (MPFs). &amp;#160;However, both dry deposition processes and sources of MPFs are poorly understood due to their complexity in size and shape, which can be 100s $\mu m$ long, possessing round or flat cross-sections with dimensions of $O(1)\,\mu m$ thickness, and $O(10)\,\mu m$ width. Here, we develop a theory-based settling velocity model for MPFs in the atmosphere, predicting a much smaller aerodynamic size than a volumetrically equivalent spherical particle. Incorrect identification of flat fibers as cylindrical ones due to uncertainty in the thickness of sampled MPFs overestimates their dry deposition rate. Accounting for fiber thickness in sampled MPFs leads to a mean residence-time enhancement above $450\%$ compared to spherical-shaped particles, suggesting a much more efficient long-range transport of flat fibers than previously thought and that the ocean might be a major source of atmospheric plastics.