Hospital Bqyhallh

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and nanofat have emerged as promising autologous biomaterials in tissue regeneration and facial rejuvenation. Both serve as vehicles for cellular growth factors that promote wound healing and tissue remodeling. This study aims to investigate the presence of endothelial and stem cell markers in nanofat membranes through immunohistochemical analysis. Eleven patients (nine women, two men) with a mean age of 36.82 ± 5.79 were included in this case-series study. Tissue samples were obtained using a mixture of nanofat and injectable PRF, with two different concentration ratios (2:1 and 1:1), in addition to solid PRF and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) gel membrane for comparison. The samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, processed into paraffin blocks, and sectioned (2-5μm). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using markers CD31 (endothelial cells), CD34 (hematopoietic and adipose-derived stem cells, and endothelial cells), CD163 (macrophages), ERG (endothelial marker), S100 (adipocyte marker), and CD10 (adipose-derived stem cells). Histopathologic examination evaluated endothelial and stem cell presence as well as macrophage infiltration. Histopathological analysis revealed fragmented adipose tissue with vascular proliferation, as well as platelet and fibrin deposition. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of endothelial markers (CD31: 36.82%, CD34: 22.73%, ERG: 19.09%) in the nanofat membrane, indicating vascularization. CD163 staining highlighted macrophages, although they were sparse in the nanofat membrane (<1% of cells). The SVF gel membrane exhibited substantial platelet aggregation but lacked evidence of cellular differentiation. CD34 staining confirmed the presence of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), though in lower-than-expected quantities. This study demonstrates the presence of endothelial cells and limited macrophages within the nanofat membranes, suggesting potential for vascular neoformation and tissue remodeling. However, the lack of detection of significant adipose-derived stem cells highlights the need for more advanced immunohistochemical markers to fully evaluate regenerative potential. The nanofat membrane provides a viable scaffold for tissue regeneration, with further research needed to optimize protocols for enhanced clinical outcomes. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver, which can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer. Insulin resistance is a causative factor in the development of NAFLD. FibroScan, or transient elastography, is a noninvasive imaging technique for evaluating liver disease. Aim To use FibroScan for evaluating liver involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with some associated risk factors. Materials and methods A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted from February to August 2023 in the outpatient clinic of Basrah Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital. Data collection included demographic data, past medical history, and biochemical tests including fasting blood sugar (FBS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lipid profile (consisting of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), serum triglycerides, and total cholesterol), then, patients underwent FibroScan examination. Results The study included 50 patients with T2DM, of whom 23 (46%) were male and 27 (54%) were female. The mean age of the studied population was 47.72 ± 8.31 years, with a range of 28-64 years. The mean BMI was 28.44 ± 4.24, with most patients being either overweight or obese. The fibrosis score was 4.74 ± 1.02 kPa (stage 0), while the mean steatosis score was 282.88 ± 44.99 (grade III). Diastolic blood pressure (BP), serum ALT, and serum HDL level were the variables that showed statistically significant differences when compared according to the stages of steatosis measured by FibroScan, with p-values of 0.016, 0.048, and 0.028, respectively. Conclusion Some risk factors associated with diabetes, such as dyslipidemia, liver enzymes, and BP, are highly associated with the development of steatosis rather than fibrosis.

Abstract Idiopathic Epilepsy in children is associated with several comorbidities. Tics and other deviant behaviors are some of them which could negatively impact the family quality of life. The current study aimed at comparing quality of life and behavioral test results in children with epilepsy and tics versus those with epilepsy only. Patients and Methods Sixty patients with idiopathic epilepsy aged from 4 to 18 years participated in the current study. Group I included 30 patients with idiopathic epilepsy and tic disorders aged 10.1+/-3.2 years and group II 30 with epilepsy only aged 10.1+/-3.1 years. The Arabic version of the Pediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 (PedsQLTM 4.0), the Arabic translation of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were used and Conner’s parent rating scale were used. The results were compared between the 2 participating groups. Results Group I patients had worse total quality of life scores for both the child’s and parent’s scores compared to group II patients (p&amp;lt;0.05). CBCL scores were significantly higher in group I regarding most of the internalizing and externalizing domains yet the total score was non-significantly higher in group I compared to group II (p=0.05). Group I patients had higher total Conner’s score compared to group II; (p=0.045). Furthermore, those with ADHD in group I was 70% compared to 50% in group II. Conclusion Tic disorders in the context of idiopathic epilepsy should be addressed seriously as they are associated with other behavioral defects that require intervention to achieve better quality of life.

BackgroundCurrently, the main goal of cancer research is to increase longevity of patients suffering malignant cancers. The promising results of BCc1 in vitro and vivo experiments made us look into the effect of BCc1 nanomedicine on patients with cancer in a clinical trial.MethodsThe present investigation was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, and multicenter study in which 123 patients (30-to-85-year-old men and women) with metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer, in two separate groups of BCc1 nanomedicine or placebo, were selected using a permuted block randomization method. For metastatic and non-metastatic patients, a daily dose of 3000 and 1500 mg was prescribed, respectively. Overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint and quality of life (measured using QLQ-STO22) and adverse effects as the secondary endpoints were studied.ResultsIn metastatic patients, the median OS was significantly higher in BCc1 nanomedicine (174 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 82.37–265.62]) than in placebo (62 days [95% CI 0–153.42]); hazard ratio (HR): 0.5 [95% CI 0.25–0.98; p = 0.046]. In non-metastatic patients, the median OS was significantly higher in BCc1 nanomedicine (529 days [95% CI 393.245–664.75]) than in placebo (345 days [95% CI 134.85–555.14]); HR: 0.324 [95% CI 0.97–1.07; p = 0.066]. The QLQ-STO22 assessment showed a mean difference improvement of 3.25 and 2.29 (p value > 0.05) in BCc1 nanomedicine and a mean difference deterioration of − 4.42 and − 3 (p-value < 0.05) in placebo with metastatic and non-metastatic patients, respectively. No adverse effects were observed.ConclusionThe findings of this trial has provided evidence for the potential capacity of BCc1 nanomedicine for treatment of cancer.Trial registration IRCTID, IRCT2017101935423N1. Registered on 19 October 2017, http://www.irct.ir/ IRCT2017101935423N1

The majority of people have experienced pain in their low back or neck in their lives. In this paper a type-2 fuzzy rule based expert system is presented for diagnosing the spinal cord disorders. The interval type-2 fuzzy logic system permits us to handle the high uncertainty of diagnosing the type of disorder and its severity. The spinal cord disorders are studied in five categories using historical data and clinical symptoms of the patients. The main novelty of this paper lies in presentation of the interval type-2 fuzzy hybrid rule-based system, which is a combination of the forward and backward chaining approaches in its inference engine and avoids unnecessary medical questions. Using of parametric operations for fuzzy calculations increases the robustness of the system and the compatibility of the diagnosis with a wide range of physicians’ diagnosis. The outputs of the system are comprised of type of disorder, location and severity as well as the necessity of taking a M.R. Image. A comparison of the performance of the developed system with the expert shows an acceptable accuracy of the system in diagnosing the disorders and determining the necessity of the M.R. Image.

Identifying the risk factors of recurrence of breast cancer is important for both the physician and patient. Analysis of the first recurrence may lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the factor's effects because it does not completely reflect the history of the disease and may result in the loss of valuable information. The present study aimed to determine the factors that influence breast cancer recurrence and to estimate disease-free survival, adjusting for multiple metastases in breast cancer patients. Patients were selected from a longitudinal study carried out at Fayazabakhsh Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and who underwent either modified radical mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery between January 2006 and April 2008 were recruited to take part in the study. Breast cancer recurrence was defined as the occurrence of a tumor in the contralateral breast, local-regional relapse, or distant metastasis to other organs. Using an extended Cox model, the effect of age, tumor size, estrogen receptors, HER2, progesterone receptors as well as lymph node ratio was analyzed. Over a 5833 person-month follow-up, 25 of 133 patients (18.8%) had died and 108 patients (81.2%) were still alive, 9 of them with metastasis. Thirty-four patients (25.6%) experienced their first disease recurrence. A total of 11 patients had a second metastasis. The mean time to first metastasis was 19.93 months, and mean gap time between two metastases was 7.15 months. Risk of experiencing a metastasis or death in the third and fifth year after surgery was approximately 22% and 28%, respectively. Fitting multiple recurrent regression shows that high lymph node ratio, high histologic grade, large tumor size and HER2-positive tumors are prognostic factors for shorter disease-free survival. Our novel approach might be helpful in clinical practice to predict breast cancer recurrence after surgery and might be adapted to be used in other malignancies as well.

Postoperative visual loss subsequent spine surgery is a rare but devastating complication with an estimated rate varying between 0.05% and 1.0%. However ischemic optic neuropathy, central artery thrombosis, and cortical blindness have been mentioned as recognized causes of postoperative visual loss, the exact etiologies are still unclear. The patient was a 58-year-old diabetic woman referred to our department with sudden visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, periorbital edema, and ptosis eyelid in her left eye 1 day after surgery for spinal spondylolisthesis. She mentioned the past medical history of rhinosinusitis and polyps. She did not smoke or drink alcohol.

We describe the efficacy of transcutaneous interferential (IF) electrical stimulation on constipation symptoms in children with myelomeningocele (MMC). MMC children (30, comprising of 17 girls and 13 boys), mean age 6.7 ± 2.9, with moderate to severe intractable constipation were enrolled in this study. They were divided into treatment (IF stimulation, 15 children) and control (sham stimulation, 15 children) groups. All children underwent anorectal manometry before and 6 months after IF therapy considering the rectoanal inhibitory reflex and sphincter pressure. Parents were instructed to complete a bowel habit diary by providing data on the number of defecations per week, form of stool and episodes of pain during defecation. According to parents' report a total neurogenic bowel dysfunction score questionnaire was filled before and 6 months after treatment. A 15-course abdominal area IF electrical stimulation was performed for 20 min and three times per week, with low-frequency current in a duration of 250 μs every 6 s. Children were followed up for a minimum period of 6 months. In the treatment group, sphincter pressure and rectoanal inhibitory reflex significantly improved compared with sham stimulation and pretreatment measures (P < .05). In 73% of patients, the characteristics of constipation decreased immediately after IF therapy, while in 53% patients, they persisted for 6 months. Frequency of defecation increased statistically significant from 2.5 ± 1.1 per week before treatment to 4.7 ± 2.3 per week after treatment (P < .001). This pilot study showed that IF therapy is safe, noninvasive, and effective modality to improve constipation symptoms and anorectal manometry parameters in children with history of myelomeningocele.

Reflux esophagitis is a common complication of the gastroesophageal reflux disease. Glutathione s-transferases (GSTs) have important role in the protection of cells from the products of oxidative stress. GSTP1*B allele has a correlation with susceptibility to several diseases. In this case-control study, the role and frequency of GSTP1 polymorphism was evaluated in Iranian patients with erosive reflux esophagitis. Seventy patients with erosive reflux esophagitis and 75 normal individuals were enrolled in this study. The grade of esophagitis was determined via endoscopy. DNA was extracted from venous blood of each subject using the salting out method. GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms were detected using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. There was a significant difference in GSTP1 genotype frequency between patients and normal groups (P= 0.006). Also, in the patient group, the grade B of esophagitis was significantly associated with variant GSTP1 genotype (P= 0.028). The rate of throat pain symptom was higher in the no-variant group (P < 0.036). The GSTP1*B allele frequency in Iranian normal groups is similar to Orientals. Reflux esophagitis are more commonly found in variant (*B/*B and *A/*B) GSTP1 genotypes. In addition, GSTP1 polymorphism is correlated with a higher grade of esophagitis.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females in the world. Age and familial history are the major risk factors for the development of this disease in Iran. Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with a greatly increased risk for development of familial breast cancer. Frequency of BRCA mutations was identified in familial breast cancers (FBC) and non-familial breast cancers (NFBC) by molecular genetics, morphological and Immunohistochemical methods. Thirty forth formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tissue tumors were analyzed from 16 patients with FBC and 18 patients with NFBC. Three 5382insC mutations detected by multiplex PCR in 16 familial breast cancers. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterona receptor (PR) and TP53. Comparison of ER, PR and TP53 exhibited high difference (P < 0.0001) in familial breast cancers and non-familial breast cancers. Our results demonstrated that 5382insC mutation, ER, PR, TP53, mitotic activity, polymorphism, necrosis and tubules can serve as the major risk factors for the development of FBC.