Hudson River Foundation

River metabolism is among the most uncertain fluxes in the global carbon cycle. We present estimates for gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) for more than 175,000 rivers across the contiguous United States (CONUS), including metabolic responses to extreme hydrological conditions. Our model predicts an annual GPP in CONUS rivers of 10.1 teragrams of carbon per year and an ER of 18.7 teragrams of carbon per year, which implies that net ecosystem productivity (NEP; where NEP = GPP - ER) is a small contributor to river carbon dioxide emissions. More than 70% of river metabolism occurs in the West, where regions of both extreme heterotrophy and autotrophy exist. Autotrophy is prominent across the West and is sensitive to drought, particularly in understudied biomes such as arid desert shrublands, which may indicate that global riverine uptake of carbon dioxide is higher than hypothesized.

abstract For nearly four centuries humans have been affecting Hudson River resources, with the most profound human influences occurring during the last 150 years. Economic issues have been at the root of most environmental management decisions. Problems and controversies, like dealing with New York City's sewerage, Westway and the Hudson River Power Case, have shaped both regional and national environmental policies. The current intricate matrix of governmental institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and multiple and multidisciplinary issues involved greatly complicates environmental management in the United States. New management structures have emerged to deal with problems that cross political and institutional boundaries, and for which no single entity has full responsibility to resolve. Successes in conquering regional problems have shared the same characteristics: the development of sound technical information to understand the problem and its potential solution; the formation of appropriate partnerships that include all appropriate decision makers; pressure from stakeholders and concerned individuals outside the management agencies for specific outcomes; the acquisition of funds appropriate to the task; and an institutional structure to implement the solution. There is a disconnect between the institutions that fund research and the management agencies that use the information that the funded research generates. With growing demands for watershed planning, habitat restoration, contaminant reduction, and biodiversity protection, agencies will require better understandings of ecosystem processes in order to formulate credible and predictive management strategies.

Alternative and Complementary TherapiesVol. 11, No. 4 Special Report/Op-Ed: Codex Commission Adopts Vitamin and Mineral Guidelines: Discordant Reactions Greet Harmonization EffortsRima E. Laibow and Karen L. DeanRima E. LaibowSearch for more papers by this author and Karen L. DeanSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:11 Aug 2005https://doi.org/10.1089/act.2005.11.169AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDisinformation on Both Sides of the Atlantic: A Patient's View Billie M. Spaight22 October 2009 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 10Op Ed: "Neutraceuticide" and Codex Alimentarius: The Death of Nutritional Medicine Rima E. Laibow11 October 2005 | Alternative and Complementary Therapies, Vol. 11, No. 5 Volume 11Issue 4Aug 2005 InformationCopyright 2005, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Rima E. Laibow and Karen L. Dean.Special Report/Op-Ed: Codex Commission Adopts Vitamin and Mineral Guidelines: Discordant Reactions Greet Harmonization Efforts.Alternative and Complementary Therapies.Aug 2005.169-172.http://doi.org/10.1089/act.2005.11.169Published in Volume: 11 Issue 4: August 11, 2005PDF download

Abstract Striped bass Morone saxatilis and white perch M. americana are sympatric in rivers and estuaries across a broad region of eastern North America. Discrimination of their larvae is often an important but problematic component of large ichthyoplankton monitoring programs: their larvae are morphologically similar (particularly at the post-yolk-sac stage) and often co-occur. In a blind test using hatchery-reared larvae of known species identity, we compared the traditional externally based approach (method 1) with three alternatives: an approach based on interdigitation patterns of osteological features of cleared and stained individuals that has shown high potential for post-yolk-sac larvae (method 2); an approach based on premaxillary and vomerine tooth counts (method 3); and a variation of method 2 designed as a key to shorten inspection time (method 4). Method 1 provided the highest overall correct identification rates for striped bass (98.5%) and white perch (96.8%). Internal osteological feature...

Sturgeon and paddlefish populations worldwide have declined because of anthropogenic influences. The structure and magnitude of genetic diversity of natural populations serves to buffer these fishes against environmental variation and should be maintained. Modern molecular biological techniques provide the ability to sensitively characterize and quantify the extent of genetic variation in natural populations.We provide a summary of those problems in sturgeon population biology that are amenable to investigation with DNA approaches, and their applications to date. These have included genetic identification and discrimination of taxa. identification of hybrids, stockidentification, mixed-stock analysis,and estimation of gene flow and homing fidelity. To date, almost all studies have been restricted to North American fauna. Improvements to these technologies, including nondestructive sampling, should permit more widespread application of molecular approaches to problems of acipenseriform conservation. We suggest that the use of more sensitive molecular tools such as analyses of hypervariable repetitive and non-coding single copy nuclear DNA may assist management even in those taxa which exhibit overall low levels of genetic diversity.

River Management Get access The Rivers Handbook: Hydrological and Ecological Principles. Vol. 2. Calow P. Petts G. E., eds. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1994. 523 pp., illus. $145.00 (ISBN 0-632-029854 cloth). John R. Waldman John R. Waldman Hudson River Foundation, 40 West 20th St. New York, NY 10011 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 45, Issue 9, October 1995, Pages 640–641, https://doi.org/10.2307/1312774 Published: 01 October 1995