Hull College

This chapter presents two separate action research (AR) projects in Further Education (FE) in England. One focuses on English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) with adult learners and the other on Joint Practice Development (JPD) with teachers. Similar dilemmas about practitioner research (PR) and power issues in the workplace-as-research-site are noticed. Opportunities and limitations in professional practice alongside the pursuit of ethical research are explored.

Women as foreign policy leaders: national security and gender politics in superpower America, by Sylvia Bashevkin, New York, Oxford University Press, 2020, 282 pp., £ 19.99, $ 29.95 (paperback), IS...

The aim of this article is to examine the role taken by the Institute for Learning (IfL) in England to promote the nature of professionalism in the lifelong learning sector. It raises the possibility that the decisions taken by the IfL, since its inception in 2002, are leading to the de-professionalisation of teachers. It is argued that what is now needed is a new professionalism that is driven by the practice of phronesis: wise practical reasoning, based on judgement and wisdom, and that accords with the centrality of context and the reflective nature of the activity of teaching. It will be informed by values that enable practitioners to mediate the confrontational forces of managerialism which might otherwise threaten to undermine their professionalism.

This paper explores supply‐side costs and institutional structure in a shared authority state public health system. It is found that in a shared governance public health system, intermediary district structure influences the movement of limited resources to serve populations and persons most in need. This early empirical test suggests that policy making and public administration concerning public health expenditures in a shared governance system are in a practical sense local, but decisions made at the intermediary level by regional district administration are an important influence on local public health expenditures.

This chapter examines the media habits and preferences of Millennials, and it considers several hypotheses that investigate how marketers of tourism products can influence attitudes by building belief strength and belief confidence among college-aged members of Generation Y. A total of 130 students at a south-eastern university were questioned about their feelings towards Aruba both before and after exposure to the promotional materials on Aruba. Findings show that the Millennial market is large, lucrative and elusive. However, while this age group is the most technologically savvy in history, they still attend to traditional media, such as television and magazines. Tourism marketers looking to attract springbreak travellers should, of course, use the Internet aggressively in their media mix. However, the current research suggests that tourism marketers should not abandon the use of traditional magazines. Advertising and publicity can help increase belief strength, belief confidence and purchase intent among the Generation-Y cohort and Millennials in particular.

Principles of quality management (which focus on defect prevention rather than defect correction) are applied to course design. These principles mandate that 1) the mission of the course be clearly stated and reviewed in context of the total program of study, 2) the objectives for the course or program of study be clearly defined and known to the students, 3) there be numerous intermediate steps leading to the objectives, 4) students be given immediate feedback about their performance on each step, and 5) corrective action be initiated immediately when a student fails to achieve an intermediate step. These principles apply to both individual courses and to an entire course of study. The authors found that a course incorporating these principles led to an increase in student performance and long-term retention of information.