Hunan Rice Research Institute

Submerged aquatic macrophytes and their microbiomes can help mitigate eutrophication, yet how microbial communities and functions differ across specific plant-associated and surrounding niches remains unclear. Here, we profiled bacterial community composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and quantified nitrogen and phosphorus cycling genes (narG, nirK, nirS, nosZ, phoD by qPCR) across eight distinct compartments associated with the submerged macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata in a eutrophic freshwater wetland. The niches spanned open water, bulk sediment, rhizosphere, and plant phyllosphere (leaf/stem surfaces) and endosphere (leaf/stem/root interiors). Alpha diversity differed significantly among niches: sediments (non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere) exhibited the highest Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) richness and diversity, whereas leaf-associated niches (phyllosphere and endosphere) had the lowest. Beta diversity showed clear separation by niche, indicating strong habitat filtering. Community composition also varied markedly: the water column was dominated by Bacteroidota (~51% of sequences), plant-associated communities were enriched in Pseudomonadota (43-90%), and sediment niches were dominated by Firmicutes (23~48%). Functional gene abundances showed pronounced niche partitioning. Nitrate/nitrite reduction genes (narG, nirK, nirS) were most enriched on leaf phyllosphere, with narG abundance equally high in the water, whereas the N2O reductase gene nosZ peaked in sediment niches. The alkaline phosphatase gene phoD had its highest copy numbers in leaf biofilms, with significantly lower levels in internal plant tissues. Overall, neutral processes explained ~61% of community variation, but deterministic assembly was evident in the well-connected water and leaf surface niches. These findings reveal strong niche differentiation in plant-associated microbiomes and suggest that compartmentalized microbial functional capacity within the H. verticillata holobiont enhances nitrogen removal and phosphorus cycling in eutrophic waters.

Seed storage is critical for preserving genetic resources, but optimal long-term storage conditions for Miscanthus seeds have not been established. In this five-year study, we evaluated storage protocols by comparing seed germination after four and five years, along with field establishment performance. The results demonstrated that genotype, storage conditions, and the storage duration all significantly influenced germination percentage and vigor index of Miscanthus seeds. Low temperature storage yielded the highest germination percentage (59.44%) and vigor index (132.06) in the 4th year, while low temperature with desiccant gave the highest germination percentage (42.41%) in the 5th year. The field performance after direct sowing was also significantly influenced by genotype and storage conditions, with the highest seedling survival (7.80%) observed under low temperature with desiccant. The seeds stored under low temperature exhibited minor structural damage, with the intact cell membranes, the small intercellular gaps, and the orderly cell arrangement. Through comprehensive evaluation, storage at −18 °C with desiccant was determined to be optimal. Based on these results, we strongly recommend storing Miscanthus seeds at −18 °C with desiccant. This protocol offers a reliable and effective solution for farmers, seed producers, and storage facilities to ensure long-term seed viability.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-025-01555-3.

Carbohydrate-binding malectin/malectin-like domain-containing proteins (CBMs) represent a newly discovered subclass of lectins that participate in various biological processes across the bacterial, animal, and plant kingdoms. The OsCBM1 gene in rice enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, contributing to drought-stress tolerance. Nonetheless, the functions of OsCBM1 in response to biotic stress remain poorly understood. In this research, we discovered that OsCBM1 was activated by Xoo infection, and overexpression of OsCBM1 increased rice resistance to bacterial blight, while suppression of its expression shows the opposite trend. OsCBM1 may influence resistance to bacterial blight by regulating ROS burst and the SA signaling pathway through RNA-seq analysis. Overexpression of OsCBM1 increased SA content and enhanced activities of SOD, POD, and CAT enzymes, whereas knockdown of OsCBM1 exhibited the opposite trend. The expression of genes associated with the SA and enzyme activity pathways was validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). These results further clarify the function of OsCBM1 in biotic stress resistance, providing references for disease-resistant rice breeding.

Most existing studies on the optimal bandwidth selection for plant nitrogen are based on the sensitive band center, and determine the optimal bands by manually adjusting the bandwidth, step by step. However, this method has a high level of manual involvement and is time-consuming. This paper focused on rice as the research subject, based on determining the center of the rice plant nitrogen-sensitive bands and the maximum region Ω of the fitted R2 between the narrow-band vegetation indices (N-VIs) and plant nitrogen, a method was proposed to automatically select the optimal bandwidth by constructing inscribed rectangles. UAV hyperspectral images were used to carry out the spatial inversion and precision verification of the rice plant nitrogen, based on the optimal width of sensitive bands. The results revealed that the optimal bandwidths, automatically selected on the basis of N-VIs via the inscribed rectangle method, achieved good results in the remote sensing inversion of plant nitrogen at the rice jointing and flowering stages, with the coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.49 to satisfy the requirement of significance (p < 0.05) and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) of less than 13%. These findings indicate that the method of crop plant nitrogen inversion band center screening and automatic search for the optimal bandwidth in this study has certain feasibility, which provides a new idea for screening the optimal bandwidth on the basis of the sensitive band center and provides technical support for the design of satellite band parameters.

The high-precision positioning services provided by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are crucial for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles. However, GNSS degradation in complex urban environments can lead to a decline in the performance of integrated navigation systems. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Scene-Adaptive Kalman Filtering (SAKF) algorithm for detecting urban scene categories and providing stable and reliable fusion positioning results. First, We design a lightweight Transformer-LSTM network (LTL-net) based on an attention mechanism, which is used to identify the scene type in which the vehicle is located. Secondly, we introduce a new adaptive factor based on the scene recognition results, enabling the Kalman filter (KF) to adjust the observation noise covariance matrix according to the specific scene, thereby achieving adaptive and robust correction of the KF. Vehicle-based experimental results conducted in complex urban scenes demonstrate that the proposed LTL-net can accurately identify urban scene types, and the designed scene-adaptive factor significantly improves the positioning performance of the integrated navigation system. This approach offers a more accurate, reliable, and intelligent solution for positioning services in complex urban environments.

Glucosinolates (GSLs), primarily found in Brassicaceae species, endow plants with functions in enhancing defense, providing therapeutic benefits, and contributing to unique food flavors. In the Ogu CMS restorer lines of rapeseed (<italic>Brassica napus</italic> L.), the introduction of extra radish genome segments contributes to the elevated accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates (AGSLs) in leaves and seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AGSL biosynthesis in these restorer lines remain unclear. In this study, the expression profile of genes involved in the glucosinolate (GSL) biosynthesis pathway, were characterized revealing that GSL biosynthesis is most active in the silique pericarps. Through sequence alignment and functional analysis, a foreign RsMYB28 allele was identified and proposed as the key regulator of AGSL biosynthesis in Ogu CMS restorer lines. Functional validation via <italic>RsMYB28</italic> overexpression confirmed its role in promoting AGSL accumulation. RsMYB28 specifically bound to the promoters of <italic>BnaIMDH3</italic> and <italic>BnaCYP83A1</italic>, and activated their transcription. This study elucidates the core function of RsMYB28 in regulating AGSL biosynthesis in Ogu CMS restorer lines, providing a valuable genetic resource for improving rapeseed resistance and quality through breeding.

SummaryCloud storage provides a convenient way of collaboration and sharing. An increasing number of users are becoming more open to sharing their data with others. Consequently, the integrity of shared data has started to draw significant attention due to the loss control of it. Remote data integrity techniques can solve this problem. To resist the collusion between the third party auditor and the cloud server, existing integrity auditing schemes utilize blockchain to replace the third party auditor to do some work. However, these schemes still involve collusion between the third party auditor and the miners and cannot guarantee the third party auditor to execute the auditing process honestly. Considering this, we propose a blockchain‐based transparent and certificateless data integrity auditing scheme. Specifically, we design the smart contract combining the commitment technology to generate the challenge information and record the auditing information. Besides, we combine certificateless cryptography and the blind technology to achieve the privacy‐preserving. The proposed scheme can resist collusion, improve the transparency of the auditing process, protect the data privacy and reduce the overhead of certificate management and key management. The security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate the security and efficiency of the scheme.