Huntsman (United States)

Clinical laboratory tests in the United States have been subject to dichotomous regulatory oversight, encompassing both laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved or FDA-cleared in vitro diagnostic products (IVDs). To assess the factors and preferences that are important for the selection of tests by clinical laboratories. A questionnaire was sent to laboratories participating in College of American Pathologists proficiency testing programs for 5 molecular analytes across molecular oncology, infectious disease, and germline genetics. The questionnaire asked about the factors that influenced the decision to implement an LDT or an FDA IVD. For all laboratories providing analyte responses, including those using LDTs and FDA IVDs, the factors most rated as very important were assay coverage of specific variants and/or positions of interest (95.1%; 656 of 690) and assay performance (eg, analytical sensitivity and specificity) (92.8%; 666 of 718). Laboratories using LDTs preferentially rated flexibility to modify the assay and already possessing the testing platform/equipment as very important. Laboratories using FDA IVDs preferentially rated the reputation of the assay manufacturer and support and customer service as very important. This study highlights the primacy of performance for laboratories' selection of assays. The variability of laboratory preferences for LDTs and FDA IVDs illustrates the need for a regulatory approach that minimizes burdens and is flexible, so that laboratories can best adapt to their unique clinical environments. These preferences should be considered to reduce impact on laboratories and on patient care as the FDA and other agencies assess regulatory oversight.

IntroductionSocial determinants of health (SDoH) account for more than half of the variation in health outcomes. However, their role in post-acute care for neurologic conditions remains poorly understood. Clarifying how SDoH influences post-acute utilization and outcomes is critical for improving equity and informing rehabilitation policy.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of U.S.-based studies published between 2005 and 2025 examining associations between SDoH and length of stay, functional improvement, community discharge, and 30-day readmission in inpatient rehabilitation facilities and skilled nursing facilities among adults with stroke and traumatic brain injury.ResultsAmong 32 studies, social and community context was the most frequently examined SDoH domain, and functional improvement was the commonly studied outcome. Insurance type, race and ethnicity, and marital status were consistently associated with all outcomes. Medicaid and dual-eligible beneficiaries had shorter hospital stays and smaller functional gains compared with those with commercial insurance. Caregivers support increased community discharge. Lower education and Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity increased readmission risk. Despite consistent associations, SDoH were inconsistently measured.ConclusionIntegrating SDoH into post-acute care assessment may improve equity in discharge planning and recovery.

Classical psychedelics-a broad class of compounds that include psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, dimethyltryptamine, and mescaline-have shown significant promise for the treatment of mental health conditions in recent clinical trials. Organizations such as the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDCs) can play a pivotal role in uniting researchers and clinicians working in this field to explore and synthesize existing evidence as well as characterize emerging challenges. We outline several categories of challenges that have emerged in the context of clinical trials with psychedelic drugs, drawing from our collective empirical observations as well as the extant literature. While these challenges have been presented in the context of clinical trial environments, many of them are likely to persist if and when psychedelic treatments become approved and are implemented in psychiatric clinical practice. We describe four categories of challenges in the context of clinical trial participants-(1) treatment nonresponse, (2) expectancy effects and functional unblinding, (3) post-session psychological difficulties, and (4) contagion effects-and provide management strategies for study teams to mitigate associated risks. Classical psychedelics show therapeutic promise as mental health treatments. Studying them properly presents unique and unprecedented challenges that require researchers to develop sophisticated strategies to navigate nonresponse, expectancy effects, functional unblinding, post-session psychological issues, and possible contagion effects to responsibly advance this field. The NNDC and similar organizations are well-positioned to guide best practices and ensure the responsible advancement of this promising field.

Despite the proliferation of a sizeable stream of management literature studying the relationship between strategic leader diversity (such as gender, race and age) and organizational diversity outcomes, the findings remain inconclusive and divided with regard to the nature of the relationship. To address this concern, we perform a systematic literature review of empirical research testing this relationship in management journals. In our review, we summarize and integrate extant empirical and theoretical research on the connection between strategic leader diversity and organizational diversity outcomes, provide a comprehensive, multilevel theoretical model based on past research and suggest unconventional insights to guide future management scholars. Our integrative review identifies important core theories and perspectives connecting these two literatures, such as social identity, critical mass, tokenism and inter-group relations. We organize the key findings emerging from this integration into four prominent themes (critical impact areas, critical enablers or inhibitors, critical theoretical underpinnings and scope of impact) to provide a novel insight into this stream of research. Finally, we offer several avenues for future research to scholars from management and social sciences disciplines to address some pertinent gaps identified in this literature.

Suicidality is heritable and a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, yet its biological etiology remains largely elusive. We conducted multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analyses of suicidal ideation (259,747 cases), suicide attempt (64,993 cases), suicide death (9,197 cases), and suicidal behavior (suicide attempt/ death, 75,300 cases), across 54 cohorts (e.g., the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Million Veteran Program, UK Biobank). We identified 77 significant loci across meta-analyses, including 59 previously unreported for suicidality. SNP-based heritability ranged from 2.0–6.7% and there were strong, yet incomplete, genetic correlations between suicidality phenotypes (0.70–0.88). Fine-mapping prioritized 27 putative causal SNPs and 20 credible genes. Enrichment analyses implicated synaptic pathways and neuronal populations predominantly in subcortical brain regions (e.g., amygdala excitatory, medium spiny, hippocampal CA1–3). Together, these findings establish suicidality as a polygenic set of traits with both shared and distinct genetic influences, providing a foundation for future studies of suicide biology and etiology.

BackgroundMost patients with prostate cancer experience symptomatic skeletal events, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. BMAs have been approved since 2007 and recommended in mCRPC to prevent SSEs in patients with bone metastases or high-risk of osteoporotic fracture. Herein, we sought to assess real-world trends of BMA administration in patients with mCRPC.MethodsWe used the de-identified nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived database to extract patient-level data. Eligibility: patients with mCRPC with available date of mCRPC diagnosis and information on receipt of BMA. Patients were categorized into 2 cohorts based on BMA receipt. Treatment trends of BMA by year of mCRPC diagnosis were summarized using frequency and percentages. Baseline characteristics at mCRPC diagnosis (age, race-ethnicity, practice type, insurance) were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests.ResultsOf 24,105 patients with metastatic prostate cancer, 14,112 with mCRPC were eligible and included. A total of 7,990 (56.6%) received BMA while 6,122 (43.4%) did not. BMA receipt cohort: median age was 75 (IQR 67-81), the majority were White (61%), treated in community practice (87%) and had a commercial health plan (80%). BMA non-receipt cohort: median age was 75 (IQR 68-82), the majority were White (61%), treated in community practice (78%), and had a commercial health plan (76%). Use of BMA decreased over time from 56% in 2013 to 46% in 2024 (Table 1).ConclusionsDespite recommendations to use BMAs in patients with mCRPC and bone metastasis or high-risk of fracture, our findings reveal a low utilization rate of BMAs in mCRPC with a notable decline over time. This highlights the need to incorporate BMAs in clinical practice.Table 1Trends of BMA usage over time (2013-2024).Year, n (%)2013 N = 5492014 N = 10352015 N = 12232016 N = 13452017 N = 14412018 N = 13462019 N = 14692020 N = 13802021 N = 13522022 N = 13932023 N = 11962024 N = 383BMA receipt316 (56%)674 (65%)792 (65%)837 (62%)886 (61%)766 (57%)816 (56%)766 (56%)692 (51%)713 (51%)556 (46%)176 (46%)Denosumab190 (60.1%)450 (66.8%)557 (70.3%)599 (71.6%)606 (68.4%)533 (70%)526 (64.5%)488 (63.7%)410 (59.2%)414 (58.1%)290 (52.2%)94 (53%)Zoledronic acid120 (38%)220 (32.6%)228 (28.7%)233 (27.8%)270 (30.5%)225 (29%)281 (34.4%)273 (35.6%)277 (40%)295 (41.4%)258 (46.4%)82 (47%)Teriparatide/other bisph.6 (1.9%)4 (0.6%)7 (1%)5 (0.6%)10 (1.1%)8 (1%)9 (1.1%)5 (0.7%)5 (0.7%)4 (0.5%)8 (1.4%)0

It has been shown that the choice of preprocessing pipelines to remove contamination from functional magnetic resonance images can significantly impact the results, particularly in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) studies. This underscores the critical importance of replication studies with different preprocessing methodologies. In this study, we attempted to reproduce the rsFC results presented in an original study by Bauer et al. in 2017 on a group of sighted control (SC) and early blind (EB) subjects. By using the original dataset, we utilized another widely used software package to investigate how applying different implementations of the original pipeline (RMin model) or a more rigorous and extensive preprocessing stream (RExt model) can alter the whole-brain rsFC results. Our replication study was not able to fully reproduce the findings of the original paper. Overall, RExt shifted the distribution of rsFC values and reduced functional network density more drastically compared with RMin and the original pipeline. Remarkably, the largest rsFC effects appeared to primarily belong to certain connection pairs, irrespective of the pipeline used, likely demonstrating immunity of the larger effects and the true results against suboptimal processing. This may highlight the significance of results verification across different computational streams in pursuit of the true findings.

Abstract ObjectiveWomen leaders continue to be in the minority as corporate CEOs. Despite efforts to highlight the benefits of leadership diversity, fewer than 10 percent of CEO positions within U.S. public corporations are held by women. This study draws on the theory of gendered organizations and token theory to explore challenges women CEOs face that may inhibit their leadership trajectories and contribute to the dearth of women CEOs. We build upon and extend recent research on the leadership trajectory of women CEOs post‐appointment.MethodsWe test whether women CEOs have shorter tenures and heightened vulnerability to dismissal relative to men CEOs, and whether women's risk of dismissal is exacerbated by the glass cliff. Our data draw from a large sample of firms in the Russell 3000 index from 2016 to 2022.ResultsWe find that compared to men CEOs, women enjoy shorter tenures and face a higher likelihood of being dismissed involuntarily. This gender gap in dismissal risk is further exacerbated when women are appointed during times of weak organizational performance (i.e., the “glass cliff”).ConclusionWe discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice on gender inequality in organizations and research on the glass cliff.