IAM RoadSmart

High-resolution precipitation data are critical for addressing a wide range of hydrological and climatological challenges, including flood modelling, precipitation-runoff behaviour analyses, risk assessments, and climate trend studies. Despite their importance, no existing dataset combines the spatial resolution of 100 meters with hourly temporal resolution for large areas over extended historical periods. This gap severely limits the accuracy and applicability of current models and analyses. Our study introduces a innovative method to generate such datasets, covering the period from 1961 onward - the start of the modern climate reference period - thereby addressing this long-standing need.The main challenge lies in the lack of suitable radar or station-based precipitation data before the early 2000s. While reanalysis products like ERA5 and ERA5-Land provide hourly data, their spatial resolutions (approximately 31 km and 9 km, respectively) are too coarse for applications requiring fine-scale insights. Existing disaggregation methods attempting to refine these datasets to higher resolutions often fall short in terms of consistency and accuracy. Our approach bridges this gap by combining machine learning techniques (gradient boosting decision trees), spatial interpolation methods, and meteorological station data at both hourly and daily resolutions.The proposed deterministic method has been rigorously validated using spatial and temporal independent cross-validation with over 1,100 stations across Germany. The results demonstrate robust performance, achieving a correlation coefficient (R) exceeding 0.6 and a Heidke Skill Score (HSS) also above 0.6. These metrics underscore the method's reliability in accurately distinguishing between precipitation events and non-events while capturing precipitation intensity variations.As a proof of concept, we applied our method to generate a high-resolution precipitation dataset for Saxony, Germany, which is freely available for analysis and application. This dataset represents a significant advancement in hydrological and climatological research tools, enabling unprecedented precision in modelling and analysis across diverse domains.

Zinc-air battery is a promising battery system as it possesses high theoretical energy density and is cost-effective3. The theoretical energy density of a Zinc-air battery is 1086 Wh kg-1, which is five times greater than that of lithium-ion batteries2. Moreover, zinc metal is one of the most abundant metals in the earth’s crust and is inexpensive. Rechargeable metal-air batteries operate based on two fundamental electrochemical reactions as Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) during discharge and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) during recharge processes, respectively3. Electrocatalytic activity of the bifunctional electrocatalyst towards these two oxygen reactions will decide the performance of the battery1. Recent advancements in catalyst development are the fabrication of rechargeable air electrodes using a single active material that is capable of bifunctionally catalyzing ORR and OER3. The development of bifunctional catalysts with high activity is necessary for rechargeable metal-air batteries, such as zinc-air batteries3.In this work, a perovskite-type LaFeO3 material was synthesized using a citric acid-assisted sol-gel method and is investigated as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Structural studies using X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of phase pure LaFeO3 in space group Pbnm. This catalyst displayed considerable bifunctional catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction (0.74 V vs. RHE) and oxygen evolution reactions (0.40 V vs. RHE at 10 mA cm-2) in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries assembled using LaFeO3 as the oxygen electrocatalyst deliver a specific capacity of 936.38 mAh g( Zn) -1 after the 1st discharge. Further details will be discussed in the poster.Financial support from Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India under research grant number DST/TMD/MECSP/2K17/20 is gratefully acknowledged.

Agentes comunitárias de saúde (ACS) ocupam lugar estratégico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Este artigo objetiva analisar disputas quanto ao trabalho das ACS no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19, assim como experiências voluntárias análogas, refletindo sobre o futuro da profissão. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter analítico cujos dados são documentos e posições públicas de diversos sujeitos. As representações sindicais evocam a necessidade de capacitação e trabalho em home office. Gestores direcionaram o trabalho para o interior dos serviços e para ações de vigilância e não ofereceram apoio ao trabalho comunitário e de educação em saúde. Experiências de agentes voluntários apontam a importância de mais ACS no SUS e valores de solidariedade. Apresentam-se síntese das práticas, legitimidade e formação, indicando avanços e desafios da profissionalização.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious life-time health issue which has been increasing among the greater population, approximately 285 million people carrying this disease worldwide. In this study, we have functionalised the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with biocatalytic enabled optical property, it is the subject of the study for detecting glucose towards the development of photometric nano-transducer. The citrate capped AuNPs were used to warrant the electrostatic self-assembly of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the colloidal state. Glucose biocatalysis was studied through the nano-optical function of glucose on the surface of AuNPs. Using surface plasmonic resonance as analytical technique, we have determined the molecular binding interaction between glucose molecule and AuNPs surface. Based on the visible spectrum, successful immobilization of GOx onto AuNPs was demonstrated. The GOx functionalized AuNP exhibits catalytic activities for the oxidation of glucose and resulting change in the absorption peak of colloidal bio-assembly. It was observed that the absorbance at 520 nm was proportional to the concentration of glucose in the test samples. The Lambert-Beer law expresses the linear relationship between the absorbance and glucose concentration at a fixed wavelength, i.e., λmax at 520 nm. The precise detection of glucose is essential to monitor the biological level of glucose in the body. It can be concluded that the nano-(bio) gold surface exhibits a rapid photometric response with changes of glucose concentration in the test samples.

The report includes and examines the list of taxonomists from IAMC (Institute for Coastal Marine Environment), IGG (Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources), ISE (Institute of Ecosystem Study), and ISMAR (Institute of Marine Sciences), who responded to the Taxonomy Census 2016, their scientific publications and the number of taxa described new for the science in the last 50 years. Every paper is reported with keywords, helping the reader to understand taxon/taxa of each publication and the focal habitat. This analysis becomes the basis for the future steps to resurrect taxonomy within CNR, from common project proposals to the protection of past and present knowledge gained to date in this area.

In this first paper we simulate the population of disc Red Clump stars to be observed by Gaia. We generate a set of test particles and we evolve it in a 3D barred Milky Way like galactic potential. We assign physical properties of the Red Clump trace population and a realistic 3D interstellar extinction model. We add Gaia observational constraints and an error model according to the pre-commissioning scientific performance assessments. We present and analyse two mock catalogues, offered to the community, that are an excellent test bed for testing tools being developed for the future scientific exploitation of Gaia data. The first catalogue contains stars up to Gaia G 20, while the second is the subset containing Gaia radial velocity data with a maximum error of sigmaVr=10 kms. Here we present first attempts to characterise the density structure of the Galactic bar in the Gaia space of observables. The Gaia large errors in parallax and the high interstellar extinction in the inner parts of the Galactic disc prevent us to model the bar overdensity. This result suggests the need to combine Gaia and IR data to undertake such studies. We find that IR photometric distances for this Gaia sample allow us to recover the Galactic bar orientation angle with an accuracy of approximately 5 degrees.

In this {\it Letter}, we present sensitive millimeter SiO (J=5-4; $\nu$=0) line observations of the outflow arising from the enigmatic object Orion Source I made with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). The observations reveal that at scales of a few thousand AU, the outflow has a marked "butterfly" morphology along a northeast-southwest axis. However, contrary to what is found in the SiO and H$_2$O maser observations at scales of tens of AU, the blueshifted radial velocities of the moving gas are found to the northwest, while the redshifted velocities are in the southeast. The ALMA observations are complemented with SiO (J=8-7; $\nu$=0) maps (with a similar spatial resolution) obtained with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). These observations also show a similar morphology and velocity structure in this outflow. We discuss some possibilities to explain these differences at small and large scales across the flow.

We explore how the slopes and scatters of the scaling relations of disk galaxies (Vm-L[-M], R-L[-M], and Vm-R) do change when moving from B to K bands and to stellar and baryonic quantities. For our compiled sample of 76 normal, non-interacting high and low surface brightness galaxies, we find some changes, which evidence evolution effects, mainly related to gas infall and star formation (SF). We also explore correlations among the (B-K) color, stellar mass fraction fs, mass M (luminosity L), and surface density (SB), as well as correlations among the residuals of the scaling relations. Some of our findings are: (i) the scale length Rb is a third parameter in the baryonic TF relation and the residuals of this relation follow a trend (slope ~-0.15) with the residuals of the Rb-Mb relation; for the stellar and K band cases, R is not anymore a third parameter and the mentioned trend disappears; (ii) among the TFRs, the B-band TFR is the most scattered; in this case, the color is a third parameter; (iii) the LSB galaxies break some observed trends, which suggest a threshold in the gas surface density Sg, below which the SF becomes independent of the gas infall rate and Sg. Our results are interpreted and discussed in the light of LCDM-based models of galaxy evolution. The models explain not only the baryonic scaling relations, but also most of the processes responsible for the observed changes in the slopes, scatters, and correlations among the residuals when changing to stellar and luminous quantities. The baryon fraction is required to be smaller than 0.05 on average. We detect some potential difficulties for the models: the observed color-M and surface density-M correlations are steeper, and the intrinsic scatter in the baryonic TFR is smaller than those predicted. [abridged]

We present the results on an XMM-Newton systematic analysis of a sample of nine Seyfert 1 galaxies. When observed in polarised light, the spectra of the selected sources are similar to those of Seyfert 2 galaxies. This peculiarity strongly suggests that these AGN are viewed with an inclination comparable with the torus opening angle. Our results are consistent with this scenario and, taking advantage of this favourable geometrical condition, we were able to investigate in detail the physical properties and the distribution of the circumnuclear gas in these sources.

In two preceding articles, we studied the problem of the existence and uniqueness of a solution to some general BSDE on manifolds. In these two articles, we assumed some Lipschitz conditions on the drift $f(b,x,z)$. The purpose of this article is to extend the existence and uniqueness results under weaker assumptions, in particular a monotonicity condition in the variable $x$. This extends well-known results for Euclidean BSDE.