IBAIS University

Introduction: Air pollution is the causative factor for considerable morbidity and premature death worldwide. This review critiques the WHO's Air Pollution Harm Reduction Strategy in Dhaka, Bangladesh, through the lens of the HBM by analysing its effectiveness and ethical implications. Materials and Methods: This critical review synthesises findings from WHO publications, peer-reviewed journals, and public health data on Dhaka's air quality management. The approach involves thematic analysis of health promotion strategies and behavioural change interventions. Discussion: The findings highlight that while the WHO strategy is successful in raising awareness and providing a policy direction, it continues to be hampered by economic barriers, weak enforcement, and absence of local engagement. HBM explains personal motivation toward cleaner practices but falls short on systemic inequities and gendered exposures. Conclusion: A multi-sectoral policy enforcement, equity-focused planning, and culturally sensitive communication are some of the basic tenets for structuring Dhaka's air pollution strategy toward sustainable impact. Strengthening community ownership and data-driven governance bridges the gap between global frameworks and local realities. Medicine Today 2026, Vol.38 (1): 137-141

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector globally, yet it remains heavily dependent on fish meal-based feeds. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves, rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, have emerged as a promising substitute for fish meal. This study evaluated the efficacy of Moringa Leaf Meal (MLM) as a partial fish meal (FM) replacement in diets for rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings under controlled laboratory conditions at the Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted using three dietary treatments: T1 (Control, 0% MLM), T2 (10% MLM), and T3 (20% MLM), with three replicates per treatment. Rohu fingerlings (11.47 ± 2.0 g) were stocked in nine 90 L plastic drums, maintained with daily 25% water exchange and continuous aeration. Fish were fed experimental diets at 5% body weight twice daily, and growth performance, water quality parameters, and feed cost were monitored throughout the study. All treatments achieved 100% survival. Growth performance, measured as mean length and weight gain, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish fed T2 and T3 diets compared to the control, with T2 exhibiting the best overall performance. Proximate composition analysis revealed higher crude protein and lipid content but lower ash and fiber content in rohu fingerlings with increasing MLM inclusion. Feed cost analysis showed that T3 had the lowest feed cost, while T1 was the most expensive. These findings suggest that incorporating 10% Moringa Leaf Meal in rohu diets is a cost-effective and sustainable strategy that enhances growth performance without compromising fish health or welfare.

This study indicates that the association between human resource (HR) compliances and employee pro-organizational behavior (EPB) has been comparatively less researched in academia. This empirical paper lines up with the correlation between HR compliance and EPB, considering the mediating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The independent factor, HR compliance, was further divided into four components: “work environment”, “health and safety”, “flexibility of work,” ‘compensation’. For organizations wishing to increase their workforce’s pro-organizational behavior, the study offers useful insights. Partial least square structural equation modeling is employed in this research to assess the perceptions of front-line banking industry workers in Bangladesh. The findings underscore that effective management of compensation, health and safety measures, and a positive work environment significantly enhance CSR practices, which in turn positively impact EPB. While work flexibility shows some influence on CSR, its direct impact on EPB is negligible. We expect the outcomes to be contributory to the upcoming research in investigating the role of HR compliance in creating positive output from employee EPB through the sense of CSR in the industry sector. Further, such a research effort can aid the organization’s policymakers motivate employees for their positive pro-organizational behavior.

In this study, a robust machine learning model was developed to enhance cybersecurity in banking systems by detecting credit card fraud using the European card benchmark dataset. The research addressed the critical challenge of class imbalance through a comparative analysis, ensuring both efficiency and accuracy. Core methodologies included Multilayer Perceptron, Random Forest classifiers, with fine-tuning of hidden layers, learning rates, and epochs to optimize performance. Cross-validation techniques were applied to assess model effectiveness and mitigate overfitting. Among the tested approaches, the standard Random Forest (RF) classifier demonstrated the highest effectiveness, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.8% and a precision of 99.2%, with no signs of overfitting. These findings underscore the potential of advanced machine learning techniques in enhancing fraud detection and strengthening cybersecurity in financial systems. The optimized RF model offers a critical solution for safeguarding sensitive transactions and combating fraudulent activities in banking.

The aim of this research is to explore the influence of brand image on customer loyalty especially in reference to banking companies in Bangladesh. Brand awareness and brand satisfaction are the two sub‐ constructs which are used to represent the brand image of the companies. The study served a structured questionnaire and collected data from 363 respondents from the clients of ten commercial banks of Bangladesh. Employing the structural equation model (SEM) with SmartPls, the study found significant influence of brand awareness and brand satisfaction on the customer loyalty of the surveyed banks. The findings of this study may be of interest to the high bank officials as well as to the institutional policy makers to revise the branding policy as marketing strategy for achieving sustainable growth.

In this paper, my purpose is to focus on the underlying reading of The Tempest in the 21st century attempt with a view to revealing the colonizing attitudes of human psychology and embittered experiences of nations, ethnic groups and race. Shakespeare‟s The Tempest during the late 20th century and early 21st century has been influenced by “post-colonialism” from the point of view of either Prospero or Caliban. Postcolonial criticism is dealt with Western colonialism of different nations, creed, and caste with the colonial relations of hegemony and submission, especially with regard to race and gender. Shakespeare has drawn upon the language of prayer and religion as a storehouse of emotion and symbol for which his audience and reader are readily responsive as a mode of intensified expression for the feelings and values. Shakespeare‟s curses are the language of fury, hatred, helplessness, and despair wrought to its uttermost. The language of prayer is used in expressions of love, kindness, and gratitude, in outbursts of joy and wonder, and in countless eloquent pleadings for mercy, forgiveness, and compassion. The discourse of prayer, elegant and artful thought is an attempt to euphemize the 21st post-colonial domination of the island. Prospero‟s ideas and thoughts extend the discourse of prayer into the life of audience. Caliban‟s curses are regarded as an integral part to the dialectical structure and the discourse of prayer in the play for which they belong as cataplectic threats of Prospero. Ariel is being held to his side of a bargain at a time of desperate need; Ferdinand is being tested in self-control and in his respect for Miranda; Prospero‟s enemies are subjected to corrective punishments designed to bring them through suffering to self-knowledge and a change of heart. Keywords: Caliban, Ferdinand, Post-colonialism, Prospero, The Tempest.

<p>In this article, I intend to focus on the dramatic theory of Galsworthy with a view to fostering the realistic and psychological conflicts and dilemma of early 20<sup>th</sup> century powerful and domineering people in England. Here, this paper can be applied through the critical judgments of two eminent literary critics of Galsworthy for depicting the controversial attitudes of John Antony, the Chairman of the Trenartha Tin Plate Works, and David Roberts, the Strike leader of the workers as reflected in the play-text, <em>Strife</em>. It aims also to look at social realism through the psychological viewpoints of Galsworthy. In this way, the whole submission deals with the analytical projections of social reality, Galsworthy as a realistic dramatist, the impact of social realism in the play, <em>Strife</em>, and its significance as well.</p>

In this paper, our purpose is to depict the feminist message as articulated in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler by portraying Lady Macbeth and Hedda Gabler who are representatives of Elizabethan England and the 19th century Scandinavian Bourgeois society and culture respectively. Through these female protagonists, both dramatists wanted to expose their contemporary situation of the female community. Both Hedda and Lady Macbeth have raised a fiery voice or initiated a dreadful revolution against the patriarchal rule, power, and domination with a view to attaining self-pelf, self-power, and self-domination. In these two plays, both Shakespeare and Ibsen have prioritized the female identity, revolt, and dominance more than the male order and custom. This paper also aims to discuss the character of Lady Macbeth as the matriarchal influence upon the patriarchy, the ambitious crime, woman’s idea upon masculinity, Lady Macbeth’s effort to repudiate womanhood, her femininity versus her unnatural resolve, her fear and remorse, her sleep-walking; Hedda is also viewed as a maladjusted, neurotic, unfulfilled, unnatural woman, full of nervous energy and longings-gliding to irresistible self- destruction. Here, I have tried to highlight the critical judgments of several critics based on the character-analysis of the two powerful female protagonists. Considering the femme fatale characters of Shakespeare and Ibsen, the most renowned and powerful playwrights writing in English and Norwegian language respectively, especially the powerful and domineering female protagonists cum heroines, Lady Macbeth and Hedda Gabler, this paper proposes to draw attention to the play-texts of both dramatists as the embodiment of the 21st century radical feminism as well. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n4p30

In this paper, laminar natural convection flow from a permeable and isothermal vertical surface placed in non-isothermal surroundings is considered. Introducing appropriate transformations into the boundary layer equations governing the flow derives non-similar boundary layer equations. Results of both the analytical and numerical solutions are then presented in the form of skin-friction and Nusselt number. Numerical solutions of the transformed non-similar boundary layer equations are obtained by three distinct solution methods, (i) the perturbation solutions for small ξ (ii) the asymptotic solution for large ξ (iii) the implicit finite difference method for all ξ where ξ is the transpiration parameter. Perturbation solutions for small and large values of ξ are compared with the finite difference solutions for different values of pertinent parameters, namely, the Prandtl number Pr, and the ambient temperature gradient n.