ICM Chemnitz

The average metal and mechanical engineering company must spend around two per cent of its annual turnover on electricity and natural gas, and companies are expecting further price increases.As a result, the issue of energy saving is becoming more of a strategic factor than ever before.In order to save costs and ensure competitive advantages, it is necessary to introduce precise energy-saving measures.The first steps taken by most mechanical engineering companies are to replace lighting, heating, and ventilation systems, improve compressed air generation and raise employee awareness.However, there is also a great potential for optimization in machines with their individual electrical drives, fans, and units.In this case, though, it is necessary to look at the machine and its processes as a whole rather than the individual electrical energy consumers.In most cases, however, there is a lack of suitable interfaces for analyzing the measured values from sensors (e.g.temperature, pressure sensors, etc.) and drives, which concludes that this potential is not fully exploited.The condition monitoring solution developed at the ICM -Institut Chemnitzer Maschinen und Anlagenbau e.V. aims to digitalize existing machines without making any structural changes to them or interfering with their existing controls.

Abstract Mechanical parameters of hard and soft tissues are explicit markers for quantitative tissue characterization. In this study, we present a comparison of biphasic material properties of equine articular cartilage estimated from stress relaxation (ε = 6 %, t = 1000 s) and creep indentation tests (F = 0.1 N, t = 1000 s). A biphasic 3D-FE-based method is used to determine the biomechanical properties of equine articular cartilage. The FE-model computation was optimized by exploiting the axial symmetry and mesh resolution. Parameter identification was executed with the Levenberg- Marquardt-algorithm. Additionally, sensitivity analyses of the calculated biomechanical parameters were performed. Results show that the Young’s modulus E has the largest influence and the Poisson’s ratio of ν ≤ 0.1 is rather insensitive. The R² of the fit results varies between 0.882 and 0.974 (creep model) and between 0.695 and 0.930 (relaxation model). The averaged parameters E and k determined from the creep model yield higher values in comparison to the relaxation model. The differences can be traced back to the experimental settings and to the biphasic material model.

Der Beitrag zeigt die erstaunliche Entwicklung der arbeitswissenschaftlichen Maschinengestaltung in Sachsen. Seit etwa 150 Jahren werden in der Region Werkzeug- und Textilmaschinen hergestellt. Das Erfahrungswissen zur Ergonomie und der Industrieform lag in der Grunderzeit komplett in den Handen des Ingenieurs. Anhand von Praxisbeispielen wird die beeindruckende Entwicklung digitaler arbeitswissenschaftlicher Gestaltungsmethoden in den vergangenen beiden Jahrzehnten dargestellt. Dabei liefert der Artikel Erfahrungswissen aus Forschung und Praxis. Von der ergonomischen Checkliste bis hin zum digitalen Menschmodell mit Motion Capturing Schnittstelle und teilautomatisierter Haltungsbewertung werden zahlreiche Entwicklungsschritte benannt. Weiterhin wird auf die Rolle des Ingenieurs bei der Gestaltung von Arbeitsplatzen eingegangen.