IP Australia

Patients are turning to the internet to access educational materials to help them make healthcare decisions, making readability an important factor. This cross-sectional study assessed the readability of online patient education materials for myopia management treatments that have regulatory approval. The top 10 Google search results from May 2024 for freely available online patient information on myopia management modalities and regulatory-approved products in Canada and Australia were analysed for readability. The modalities included orthokeratology, myopia control spectacle lenses, myopia control soft contact lenses and atropine. The products included MiYOSMART® [HOYA®], Stellest® [Essilor®], MyoCare® [ZEISS], MiSight® 1 day [CooperVision®], ACUVUE® Abiliti® 1-Day [Johnson & Johnson], NaturalVue® Multifocal 1 Day [VTI], ACUVUE® Abiliti® Overnight [Johnson & Johnson] and Eikance [Aspen Pharmacare Australia]. These searches gave 120 results. Readability was assessed with Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index and Coleman Liau Index (CLI). Additionally, websites were scored on Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. Statistical analysis was performed with two-tailed tests. Of 120 websites, none met the recommended sixth-grade reading level across all readability indices. There were 13 websites meeting at least one readability index, 10 being product-related. There were seven websites satisfying all four JAMA benchmarks, while the majority met one. There was a weak positive relationship between product search rank and readability (SMOG p = 0.02, GFI p = 0.02) and a weak negative relationship between JAMA benchmarks and readability for both modality (CLI p = 0.045) and product (CLI p = 0.049). Online information about myopia management is generally written above the recommended sixth-grade reading level and does not meet all JAMA benchmarks. Websites that appear as top search results do not necessarily have easier readability. The readability of online patient education materials may influence access to treatment and outcomes.

Exudative epidermitis (EE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in piglets. This study investigated the microbial ecology, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and genomic diversity of Staphylococcus hyicus associated with an EE outbreak in an Australian piggery. Lesion swabs from 20 affected piglets yielded 160 bacterial isolates (including S. hyicus and cohabiting species). Isolates underwent species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of S. hyicus for AMR/virulence gene profiling and core-genome SNP analysis to assess genomic relatedness. S. hyicus predominated among lesion isolates. Phenotypic testing showed varied AMR, with frequent resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline. WGS of 27 S. hyicus isolates identified five distinct genotypic AMR profiles, including combinations spanning multiple drug classes. All S. hyicus carried the exfoliative toxin gene shetA, and 24 also carried exhD. Core-genome analysis indicated a highly clonal outbreak: 24/27 genomes differed by 0 core SNPs, with the remaining three closely related. Despite this clonality, resistance gene carriage varied across isolates. Consequently, reliance on a single colony to represent an outbreak could understate resistance and overstate treatability. These findings support routine multi-isolate sampling to capture within-clone AMR variability, bolster antimicrobial selection during EE management, and inform consideration of autogenous vaccines targeting dominant outbreak clones.

This study introduces a compact, two-degree-offreedom microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror intended for dental laser ablation applications. The design is notable for its elevated natural frequency and the inclusion of rotational sensors, which facilitate precise closed-loop control. Three key innovations distinguish this MEMS mirror: First, the magnetic components are arranged to generate a multidirectional magnetic field, supporting a symmetrical actuation framework. This configuration effectively reduces cross-interference and enhances the device's performance in intraoral laser ablation procedures. Second, the implementation of arcshaped springs strategically directs the actuation force towards the rotational axes while diminishing undesirable force impacts. Third, these arc springs confer higher natural frequencies on the MEMS device than is typical for electromagnetic mirrors, thereby mitigating spot overlap and minimizing thermal damage to healthy dentin during operation. Experimental data confirm that the mirror achieves optical scan ranges of 4.7 and 4.0 degrees (horizontally and vertically, respectively) at resonance frequencies of 1766 Hz and 1358 Hz, with an actuation voltage of 13.00 V.

The paradoxical nature of stress lies in its ability to both enhance and hinder psychological, physiological, and cognitive functioning. While chronic stress impairs functioning, acute stress can enhance resilience, cognition, and performance. We examined whether intentional short-term stress induced by cyclic hyperventilation and cold exposure (the Wim Hof Method (WHM)) improves psychophysiological and cognitive outcomes compared to an active control (mindfulness meditation). In this semi-randomised controlled trial, healthy adults (N = 404; 226 females, 177 males, 1 other; mean age = 37) completed one of three 29-day interventions: WHM in-person, WHM-remote, or meditation. Measures included physiological and sleep biometrics, executive function tests, and psychometric event sampling surveys (state and trait change). WHM conditions showed greater momentary improvements in self-reported energy, mental clarity, and ability to handle stress following daily protocol compared with meditation. Although WHM protocols initially resulted in smaller reductions in self-reported state stress, their impact increased across days on protocol, while the impact of meditation decreased. A similar time-condition interaction was also observed for energy, mental clarity, and ability to handle stress, suggesting cumulative, dose-dependent benefits. While minimal significant between-condition trait changes emerged over 29-days, state interaction patterns suggest potential for longer-term state-trait shifts. Executive function, physiological, and sleep results showed nuanced between-condition differences.

Although AI promises to revolutionise manufacturing through the use of cameras, robots, and deep learning, numerous obstacles remain that prevent the industry from moving forward. These obstacles include the lack of understanding of sensor noise in high-precision metrology, of how to optimally process multiple sources of error, especially for multi-camera calibration, of real-time AI processes, and of the flexibility of robotic automation to be integrated into existing environments. To address these gaps, we introduce a new open toolkit called ROSELLA, comprising a hardware interface module, a 3D vision module, and a shape analysis module. These components enable us to rapidly develop robotic and computer vision applications based on established best practices. It offers extendable, opensourced, and commercial solutions to meet different needs. It promises to speed up our progress to realise the potential of Industry 4.0, and increase the productivity and resilience of the manufacturing industry.

Even though reproducible computational procedures for density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations of molecular properties are well established, the additional complexities for calculations of materials properties present significant current issues. Considering a randomly selected set of 340 3D materials, we demonstrate that standard computational protocols lead to c.a. 20% occurrences of significant failures during bandgap calculations. The bandgap is a quintessential materials property that underpins the prediction of most other properties. Examined herein are the effects of the choice of the pseudopotential to describe core electrons, the plane-wave basis-set cutoff energy, and the Brillouin-zone integration. For the pseudopotential and the cutoff energy, optimization of internal computational parameters is performed. For the Brillouin-zone integration, a new computational protocol is developed that chooses grids by minimization of interpolation errors using the second-derivative matrix of the orbital energies. This is shown to provide significant enhancement over established procedures that seek merely to maximize integration-grid densities.

Piezoelectric materials, capable of harvesting and transforming mechanical energy into chemical energy, have recently emerged as promising catalysts in environmental wastewater remediation and clean energy production. While this approach holds potential to supplant other advanced techniques, enhancing the inherent piezoelectric properties of conventional inorganic materials remains challenging. This is primarily due to their structural inflexibility and limited surface area, restricting their catalytic efficiency. In comparison with conventional piezocatalysts, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer distinct advantages in terms of crystalline structure, piezoelectric responses, porosity, and surface area. Notably, their tunable structures might improve their thermal and chemical stability at specific condition, achieved through the precise and rational design of their reticular framework based on specific application requirements. This capability enables MOFs to enhance piezocatalytic performance. Over the past few years, significant strides have been made in developing MOF-based materials for piezocatalysis, yet there remains a notable absence of comprehensive review articles on this key topic. Herein this paper aims to fill that gap by presenting benefits and uses of MOFs in piezocatalysis. Commencing with the merits of MOFs, we explore five essential advantages. We also highlight the current utilisation of MOFs in reported piezocatalytic domains. Finally, we will address the future possibilities and opportunities for optimised structure, clarified mechanisms, improved efficiency, and considerations regarding material costs. This timely review aims to insights into the advancement of highly efficient MOF piezocatalysts, fostering potential applications not limited to hydrogen (H 2 ) generation and pollutant removal. • Systematically outlining all unique advantages of MOFs in piezocatalysis. • Fully integrating all reported types of MOFs used in piezocatalysis. • Broadening potential strategies for MOFs to encompass all possible areas in piezocatalysis.