Ibaraki Womens Junior College

Aim: Diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia may adversely interact with the development of ischemic cardiovascular disease, but epidemiological evidence on this issue is scarce. We hypothesized that the impact of hypertriglyceridemia on ischemic cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke) would differ according to the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus and tested oura priori hypothesis under a large population-based prospective study.Methods: A total of 90,468 men and women aged 40–79 years in 1993 were enrolled in the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study (IPHS), a community-based cohort study of Japanese. The participants’ serum triglyceride levels (mostly nonfasting) were measured every 5 years, and the participants were followed up for mortality from ischemic cardiovascular disease through 2016. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were calculated according to 5-year updated triglyceride levels (＜100, 100–149, 150–199, 200–299, and ≥ 300 mg/dl).Results: During 1,795,877 person-years, there were 3,323 deaths from ischemic cardiovascular diseases (1,968 ischemic heart diseases and 1,355 ischemic strokes). We found no association between triglyceride levels and the risk of mortality from ischemic cardiovascular disease after adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors. However, when stratified by the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, excess mortality from ischemic cardiovascular disease appeared among participants with diabetes mellitus with triglyceride levels of ≥ 300 mg/dl. Further adjustment for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol attenuated the association toward being statistically nonsignificant.Conclusion: The impact of high serum triglyceride levels on the risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease mortality was confined to participants with diabetes mellitus.

Habitual speed eating is a risk factor of obesity but evidence of this in children is limited. We examined the association between speed-eating habit and subsequent body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) among Japanese children. The community-based study comprised 1,490 Japanese boys and girls who were born in 1989, involved in the Ibaraki Children's Cohort Study at age 3 years, and had returned questionnaires at both ages 6 and 12 years. In a subsample, we measured BP (n=263). Speed-eating habit was categorized into 4 groups: Never, Quit, Newly, and Continuous. Sex-specific mean values of questionnaire-based BMI and measured BPs at age 12 were examined according to speed-eating habit. Children with continuous speed eating had a higher BMI at age 12 than those who had never had a speed-eating habit (20.0 vs. 17.9 kg/m2for boys (P<0.001); 20.0 vs. 18.4 kg/m2(P<0.001) for girls). Systolic BP at age 12 was higher in boys with continuous speed eating than in those without (117 vs. 110 mmHg, P=0.01), but such a difference was not observed in girls (112 vs. 111 mmHg, P=0.95). Habitualspeed eating was positively associated with subsequent BMI among boys and girls as well as with systolic BP among boys.

BackgroundPatients with renal impairment are at risk of not only end-stage kidney disease but also cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current definition of CKD stage G3a is eGFR 45–59 ml/min/1.73 m2 and of G3b is 30–44 ml/min/1.73 m2, and subjects in the CKD 3a category are considered to be at lower risk of mortality than are those in CKD 3b.MethodsWe evaluated the outcome of 97,043 people (33,131 men and 63,912 women) living in Ibaraki Prefecture who underwent annual community-based health checkups beginning in 1993 at age 40–80 years and who were followed for a mean of 17.1 years.ResultsThe number of all-causes deaths was 20,534 (10,375 men and 10,159 women), of which 5,995 (2,695 men and 3,300 women) were deaths due to CVD. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for CVD death in the eGFR 45–49 ml/min/1.73 m2 category was significantly increased (1.82; 95% confidential interval, 1.23–2.69) in non-elderly men, whereas all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in elderly men with eGFR 45–49 ml/min/1.73m2 were non significant. In contrast, both in non-elderly women and in elderly women with eGFR 45–49 ml/min/1.73 m2 showed small, but significant, increases in the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD.ConclusionsWe demonstrated proportionate increases in mortality with decreasing eGFR in a Japanese CKD population. Like patients in the CKD G3b subgroup, non-elderly men and women with an eGFR of 45–49 ml/min/1.73 m2 (i.e. a part of CKD G3a) are at considerable risk of CVD mortality. Age dependent and eGFR dependent finer risk recognition were required for CVD prevention in clinical practice with regard to CKD patients.

Foveolar hyperplastic polyps are the most popular polyp of the stomach arise from the mucosa of chronic active gastritis. Recent studies suggested hyperplastic polyp arise from inflammatory process of H.pylori gastritis and disappeared or reduced after H.pylori eradication therapy. We report three cases of foveolar hyperplastic polyps of the stomach, in all cases, foveolar hyperplastic polyps of the stomach disappeared and reduced after H.pylori eradication therapy. Eradication of H.pylori is considered to be the first choice therapy against hyperplastic polyps with H.pylori gastritis because of its effectiveness and non-invasiveness.

Functional fitness age (FFA), which we previously described, is a measure of functional age that reflects a person's overall physical ability to complete daily tasks such as preparing meals and performing various household chores. The purpose of this study was to validate FFA in two elderly populations: 1) older subjects from different communities, and 2) older subjects participating in an exercise intervention program. FFA was calculated from 4 performance tests: performing arm curls; moving beans with chopsticks; demonstrating functional reach; and sitting and walking around two cones. The first study group was selected from 4 different communities (N=127), and was subdivided into a less active group (N=87) and an active group (N=40). The results of the 4 tests for the less active group were not significantly different from those for the original validation group used in developing the FFA equation. The FFA of the less active group (71.1+/-7.7 yrs) was not different from their chronological age (70.4+/-6.6 yrs). In the active group, except for the arm curls, test scores were significantly higher than those of the original validation group. The FFA of the active group (66.2+/-5.1 yrs) was significantly younger than their chronological age (70.9+/-4.2 yrs). Another group of 14 older women (79.5+/-3.9 yrs) was recruited for pre- and post-training testing. After the 3-month exercise program, they showed significant improvements in sitting and walking around two cones and functional reach; their FFA decreased significantly from 81.5+/-5.0 yrs to 78.3+/-4.5 yrs. The control group selected from the same community (N=16, 79.8+/-5.3 yrs) showed no significant changes in the 4 performance tests, and their FFA remained unchanged. These results indicate that our FFA is highly cross-validated for different Japanese communities, and is sensitive to changes associated with participation in an exercise intervention program.

デンプンの糊化による構造変化および糊化度の近赤外法による計測について検討を行い,以下の結果を得た.(1) 糊化度の異なるデンプンの近赤外吸収スペクトルを調べたところ, 1204, 1368, 1436, 170O, 1748, 1784,1924, 2088, 2280, 2320および2348nm近傍の吸収度の変動(分散)が大きかった.特に, 2088および2280nm近傍のスペクトルは,糊化の進行に伴い複雑な変動を示した.(2) BAP法の糊化度またはデンプンの粒度をそれぞれ目的変数とし,吸光度の2次微分値を説明変数とする回帰分析を行ったところ,ともに1807および2095nmで高い相関が得られた.(3) デンプンの吸収帯が存在しないことから, 1807nmにおける高い相関は,その原因の1つとして粒度などの物理的な要因に基づくものと考えられた.(4) 糊化度と粒度の間には,高い正の相関(r=0.96)が認められた.糊化度が進むにつれて,デンプンの粒子が大きくなるものと考えられた.(5) 2100nm近傍のスペクトルデータは,粒度などの情報とデンプンの構造変化の情報が重なっていることから,主成分分析により,情報の分離を行ったところ,得られた第2主成分スコアと糊化度との間に高い直線性(r=0.98)が認められた.以上のことから,近赤外法によりデンプンの糊化度を計測できることが明らかとなった.