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Abstract With growing interest in repurposing glass waste for construction applications, this study presents a comprehensive grain-scale characterisation of crushed waste glass (CWG) as a synthetic fine aggregate, benchmarked against both natural and manufactured sands. A suite of size-independent physicochemical properties was systematically evaluated to define CWG’s intrinsic material behaviour. CWG exhibited an impervious and amorphous structure inherited from glass manufacturing, resulting in a negligible saturated surface-dry moisture content ( $$\approx$$ ≈ 0.04%), reduced wettability with contact angles of 45−50° (significantly higher than conventional fine aggregates, $$p < 0.05$$ p < 0.05 ), comparable mechanical performance and an irregular, angular morphology. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated superior thermal stability, with less than 0.5% mass loss at 950 °C, compared with approximately 1% for natural sand and 3% for manufactured sand observed in this study. Complementary macro-scale tests assessed inter-particle friction, aggregate interlocking and moisture retention, providing additional insight into CWG’s behaviour in granular assemblies. The findings highlight CWG’s potential as an active and sustainable alternative to conventional fine aggregates in construction materials.

Georgia Bennett and Erica Tong declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Michael Dooley is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research and the Director of the Victorian Voluntary Assisted Dying Pharmacy Service. Tara Clayson-Fisher received financial support from the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA [now trading as AdPha]) to attend Board meetings as a Technician Observer and from Monash Health to give a presentation. Courtney Hill received contracts and/or honoraria from SHPA to provide educational activities and for her role as a member of the SHPA Queensland Branch Committee, received a Medical Research Future Fund and a Metro South Health Research grant to research Partnered Pharmacist Medication Prescribing, and an Allied Health Practitioner Research Grant to research deprescribing, and was a member of the Medication Safety Committee at the Princess Alexandra Hospital. Cassandra Potts received payment from SHPA to provide educational activities. Neil Lam received payment from AbbVie, Antegene, Juniper Biologics, and Servier to attend advisory board meetings; honoraria from AbbVie, Juniper Biologics, and Lymphoma Australia to provide educational activities; honoraria from SHPA to review the Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook and Don't Rush to Crush; and payment from Astra Zeneca to attend advisory board meetings through payment to his employer. Neil Lam also received support from Merk Sharpe and Dohme, Janssen, Alexion and Jazz to attend educational events and is an unpaid Executive Committee Member of the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia's Cancer Pharmacist Group and a member of the Icon Group Medication Safety Committee; and holds shares in Baxter US and Takeda US. Sally Marotti was the recipient of two Medical Research Future Funds to evaluate Partnered Pharmacist Medication Prescribing and to develop a prioritisation and medication reconciliation platform through payment to her institutions; and received contracts and/or payment from SHPA to provide education activities, and support from SHPA to attend the Medicines Management 2023 conference. Kate O'Hara received contracts and/or payment from AdPha to provide educational activities and for her role as an AdPha Board Director, and support from AdPha to attend and present at educational events or to represent AdPha. Brenda Shum received contracts and/or payment from AdPha for her role as an AdPha Board Director. Susan Trevillian received support from AdPha to attend AdPha meetings and to represent AdPha at the National Rural Health Alliance Council meetings. Suzanne Newman contributed to these Standards in her capacity as an employee of AdPha. Nick Sharp-Paul contributed to these Standards in his capacity as an employee of AdPha. Yee Mellor received honoraria, contracts and/or payments from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University and for publications in the Pharmaceutical Journal, Australian Journal of Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy and by the Australasian College of Pharmacy, and contributed to these Standards in her capacity as an employee of AdPha. Data sharing is not applicable to these Standards as no new data were created or analysed.

O objetivo deste trabalho é, através de relato de caso clínico, demonstrar a técnica sequencial de procedimentos minimamente invasivos para resolução estética em dente anterior. Manchas hipoplásicas no terço incisal vestibular do dente 21 foram tratadas através da técnica da microabrasão com ácido fosfórico e pedra-pomes, 1 sessão - e com o infiltrante resinoso (Icon®, DMG) - sessão única -, clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 37% - 2 sessões -. A profundidade da mancha, diagnóstico e escolha do tratamento mais pertinente determinam o sucesso clínico. Os resultados clínicos, embora não sejam perfeitos, satisfizeram totalmente os pacientes. A infiltração resinosa pode ser uma alternativa promissora para tratamento minimamente invasivo em situações semelhantes.

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed critical care supply shortages worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between regional critical care capacity and the incidence of invasive mechanical ventilation following novel COVID-19 during the pandemic in Japan, a country with a limited intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity of a median of 5.1 ICU beds per 100,000 individuals.MethodsThis population-based cohort study used data from the CRoss Icu Searchable Information System database and publicly available databases provided by the Japanese government and Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine. We identified patients recently diagnosed with COVID-19, those who received invasive mechanical ventilation, and those who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) between February 2020 and March 2023. We analyzed the association between regional critical care capacity (ICU beds, high-dependency care unit (HDU) beds, resource-rich ICU beds, and intensivists) and the incidence of invasive mechanical ventilation, ECMO, and risk-adjusted mortality across 47 Japanese prefectures.ResultsAmong the approximately 127 million individuals residing in Japan, 33,189,809 were recently diagnosed with COVID-19, with 12,203 and 1,426 COVID-19 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation and ECMO, respectively, during the study period. Prefecture-level linear regression analysis revealed that the addition of ICU beds, resource-rich ICU beds, and intensivists per 100,000 individuals increased the incidence of IMV by 5.37 (95% confidence interval, 1.99–8.76), 7.27 (1.61–12.9), and 13.12 (3.48–22.76), respectively. However, the number of HDU beds per 100,000 individuals was not statistically significantly associated with the incidence of invasive mechanical ventilation. None of the four indicators of regional critical care capacity was statistically significantly associated with the incidence of ECMO and risk-adjusted mortality.ConclusionsThe results of prefecture-level analyses demonstrate that increased numbers of ICU beds, resource-rich ICU beds, and intensivists are associated with the incidence of invasive mechanical ventilation among patients recently diagnosed with COVID-19 during the pandemic. These findings have important implications for healthcare policymakers, aiding in efficiently allocating critical care resources during crises, particularly in regions with limited ICU bed capacities.Registry and the registration no. of the study/trial The approval date of the registry was August 20, 2020, and the registration no. of the study was lUMIN000041450.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with neuropsychiatric impairments such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can be screened using self-report instruments such as the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The current study aims to inspect the factorial validity and cross-linguistic equivalence of the PCL-5 in individuals after TBI with differential severity. Data for six language groups (n ≥ 200; Dutch, English, Finnish, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish) were extracted from the CENTER-TBI study database. Factorial validity of PTSD was evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and compared between four concurrent structural models. A multi-group CFA approach was utilized to investigate the measurement invariance (MI) of the PCL-5 across languages. All structural models showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit with small between-model variation. The original DSM-5 model for PTSD provided solid evidence of MI across the language groups. The current study underlines the validity of the clinical DSM-5 conceptualization of PTSD and demonstrates the comparability of PCL-5 symptom scores between language versions in individuals after TBI. Future studies should apply MI methods to other sociodemographic (e.g., age, gender) and injury-related (e.g., TBI severity) characteristics to improve the monitoring and clinical care of individuals suffering from PTSD symptoms after TBI.