Idaho State Department of Education

K-12 students who were identified or at risk of being identified as having disabilities had been entering learning environments that were fully or partially online. The increase in participation of this population and the emergency circumstances during COVID-19 pandemic-related school building closures brought a need for research into what supports students in the full range of digital environments. The purpose of this article is to propose a research-based conceptual framework for Inclusive Online, Distance and Digital Education (IODDE) in K-12 settings. IODDE focuses on learners’ biopsychosocial needs alongside two major types of supports: policy supports, and direct learner supports. There are also two types of crucial access: digital access and instructional access. Ensuring learners’ success requires contexts where access and supports are in balance with learner needs.

In addition to taking advanced courses, graduate students navigate a potentially challenging transition of learning to write for publication. We, the authors, explored solutions to this transition with a study designed to explore the research questions: How does a systematic effort to help doctoral students enter a community of writers via writing center collaboration influence doctoral students’: (1) proficiency with academic writing, (2) writing apprehension, (3) self-efficacy as writers, and (4) comfort with “going public” with their writing? We used a collaborative, multi-layered self-study research approach because it allowed us to focus on critical examination of teaching practices that are of interest to the practitioner/researcher and to the greater educational community. Authors/participants include the co-director of a university Writing Center; two professors of a doctoral-level qualitative research methods course; four doctoral students who participated in a series of writing center collaborations; and one master’s student who served as a writing center consultant. These four perspectives provide unique insights into how writing center collaborations supported graduate students in developing their writing proficiency and efficacy, helping to initiate them into a community of writers who “go public” with their scholarship.

Summary White Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (WS), are distributed throughout three major river basins on the West Coast of North America: the Sacramento-San Joaquin, Columbia, and Fraser River drainages. Considered the largest North American freshwater fish, some WS use estuarine habitat and make limited marine movements between river basins. Some populations are listed by the United States or Canada as threatened or endangered (upper Columbia River above Grand Coulee Dam; Kootenai River; lower, middle and, upper Fraser River and Nechako River), while others do not warrant federal listing at this time (Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers; Columbia River below Grand Coulee Dam; Snake River). Threats that impact WS throughout the species’ range include fishing effects and habitat alteration and degradation. Several populations suffer from recruitment limitations or collapse due to high early life mortality associated with these threats. Efforts to preserve WS populations include annual monitoring, harvest restrictions, habitat restoration, and conservation aquaculture. This paper provides a review of current knowledge on WS life history, ecology, physiology, behavior, and genetics and presents the status of WS in each drainage. Ongoing management and conservation efforts and additional research needs are identified to address present and future risks to the species.

Essa pesquisa possui como objetivo a demonstracao da posicao ativa que os individuos ocupam frente a normativa penal internacional, alem de definir se e possivel responsabilizar perante o TPI um cidadao de um pais que nao seja signatario do Estatuto de Roma, tendo como base o caso de DARFUR no Sudao. Para tanto foram analisados principios, como da igualdade, da nao discriminacao, da legalidade internacional, do juiz natural e respeito aos direitos humanos, buscando assim, atraves da vertente sociologica e dogmatica, definir o efeito da norma no meio social e no ordenamento juridico, baseado em um caso concreto. Na presente situacao, visa-se, portanto, deliberar acerca da responsabilizacao dos individuos no caso de DARFUR, onde os direitos humanos nao estao sendo respeitados. DOI: 10.5585/rdb.v5i3.101

Abstract An individual-based model of nesting smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and white crappie Pomoxis annularis is used to compare reproductive success in a deep reservoir and a shallow reservoir under different amplitudes and periods of water-level fluctuations. The model simulates nest site selection, egg deposition, and the subsequent development and survival of young from eggs through dispersal in a two-dimensional spatial grid of habitat cells representing the reservoir bottom. All simulations are for May through September using a daily time step. Nest site (cell) selection is determined from species-specific habitat suitability indices based on substrate, slope, depth, and structure. The development of the young is temperature dependent. Mortality occurs via attrition, abandonment, and whole-nest catastrophe. Model corroboration was performed with observations of nesting white crappies and smallmouth bass in Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho–Oregon. The predicted egg-to-dispersal survival declined with increasing amplitude similarly for both species and more sharply in the shallow reservoir. The minimum survival across periods tended to occur at a period of about 5 d for white crappies but at about 10 d for smallmouth bass, which coincided with the early life stage developmental times for both species. The highest survival for both species occurred at a low amplitude and short period in the deep reservoir, while white crappie survival generally increased and smallmouth bass survival decreased with increasing period and amplitude in the shallow reservoir. We generalize our modeling results to centrarchids and suggest that the duration of key early life stages should be matched with the period and amplitude of water-level fluctuations to maximize survival and that in some situations, trade-offs between species survival rates will complicate management.

This qualitative study explored 4 counselor education doctoral students' 1st-semester experience. Data analysis revealed students experienced vicissitudes of thought and emotion that varied from self-doubt to beliefs in their abilities, received information and made decisions about how to engage in their responsibilities, and felt affirmation of their capabilities and qualifications. With this affirmation, students were able to make decisions about further experiences they would have during their program. As the semester progressed, the students experienced greater feelings of confirmation yet returned to vicissitude when faced with new situations.

Abstract The invasive New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum is now well established in rivers in the western United States and is rapidly expanding its range. Potamopyrgus antipodarum is most likely to be spread to new waters via contaminated equipment. To assess a possible method for controlling their spread, we conducted a desiccation and freezing experiment on seven size-classes of P. antipodarum to determine mortality at different temperatures and low or high humidity. Our results show that P. antipodarum does not survive freezing or desiccation at high temperatures with low humidity. At all temperatures, larger P. antipodarum generally survived desiccation longer than smaller ones, and for all size-classes mortality generally increased with increased exposure time. We recommend thoroughly freezing or drying potentially contaminated equipment to limit the spread of P. antipodarum to uninfected aquatic ecosystems.