Igarapé Institute

Considerando sua política externa pacifista, Brasil e Suécia compartilham uma crescente atuação e interesse internacional: a participação em missões de paz. Ambos países participaram desde a primeira missão de estabilização da ONU, em 1948, e, no caso do Brasil, destaca-se a experiência de uma década no comando da única força de paz de caráter eminentemente marítimo do mundo, no Líbano (FTM-UNIFIL), e treze anos no comando da MINUSTAH (Haiti). A Suécia, por sua vez, conta com a particularidade da participação de efetivos femininos desde o início desse tipo de missão, tendo como foco a África e Eurásia. Nesse contexto e com uma crescente aproximação entre os dois países em assuntos de defesa, tem-se o Exercício Viking, a maior simulação internacional para o preparo de missões de paz, no qual o Ministério da Defesa da Suécia é o principal organizador e o Brasil, tendo participado da edição de 2018, participará novamente em 2022, praticando a cooperação interagências, a internacionalização e o desenvolvimento de capacidades.

Despite numerous attempts to decrease homicides in the Latin American region, high homicide levels have persisted. Examining four cities in Rio de Janeiro, the research reveals the intense geographic concentration of homicides in each city, but illustrates differences in the extent of homicide concentration when using a variety of crime concentration measures. Single events involving multiple homicides and a homicide near repeat pattern are observed, with almost all these incidents taking place in areas of homicide concentration. The findings suggest that programmes targeted to areas of homicide concentration, including interventions that suppress the likelihood of future incidents, could decrease homicides.

Stabilisation, as a concept and set of practices, has proliferated over the past two decades and is now implicitly integrated into a range of global frameworks. However, this enthusiasm has at times risked turning this increasingly common, albeit contested, idea into a piece of jargon that discounts its unique facets: a focus on all sorts of violence, not just conflict, that create political instability and human harm and a problem-solving approach that draws selectively on various forms of intervention (e.g., statebuilding, counterinsurgency, peacekeeping, etc.) without being beholden to any one toolkit. The pragmatism inherent within the concept of stabilisation will grow increasingly important as new security challenges emerge or proliferate. These include the fragmentation and regionalisation of conflict systems, transnational organised crime, large-scale migration and new, disruptive technologies. Novel approaches rooted in big data and technology will increasingly need to be applied. Most importantly, in foreign policy, military and development communities often driven by perceptions about what causes, ends or prevents violence, stabilisation must maintain its agnostic, problem-solving roots and allegiance to evidence over ideology.