Indian Army

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between radiographic appearance and histological diagnosis of large periapical lesions in an Indian population, assessing the reliability of CBCT in distinguishing lesion types. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 94 patients with periapical radiolucencies who underwent both CBCT imaging and histopathological evaluation. Lesion type, location, and distribution were documented. Histological findings were compared with CBCT-based diagnoses, and statistical analysis was performed to assess correlation. Results: While CBCT classified all 94 lesions as cystic, histopathology confirmed only 39 (41.5%) as radicular cysts, whereas 49 (52.1%) were periapical granulomas and 6 (6.4%) belonged to other histological categories. Most lesions were located in the maxilla (84%) and anterior region (95.7%). A notable discrepancy was observed between radiographic and histological diagnoses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CBCT, though valuable for lesion visualization, lacks definitive diagnostic capability in differentiating cysts from granulomas. Histopathology remains the gold standard. A combined diagnostic approach is recommended to avoid misdiagnosis and guide appropriate treatment.

Objectives: Oral diseases are among the most prevalent global health problems, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations. Essential Oral Health Care (EOHC), endorsed by the World Health Organization, comprises basic promotive, preventive, and curative services that should be universally accessible. Public perceptions and psychological factors, particularly Locus of Control (LOC), strongly influence oral health behaviors and service use. This study assessed adults’ perceptions of Essential Oral Health Care (EOHC) services and examined the association of Locus of Control (LOC) with sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 adults residing in Trilokpuri, New Delhi. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires on six domains: perceived needs, essential services, service adequacy, barriers to utilization, self-rated oral health and LOC. Statistical tests, including Mann- Whitney U test, Spearman correlation test, and multivariable logistic regression, were applied. Results: Most participants (68.0%) recognized oral health as part of general health, yet only 34.0% reported a dental visit in the past year. Pain relief (42.0%) was the most commonly perceived essential service. Cost and waiting time were major barriers. Internal LOC was observed in 38.7% of participants and was positively associated with higher socioeconomic status (SES) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adults demonstrated limited awareness and narrow perceptions of EOHC, with substantial access and affordability barriers. Internal LOC was significantly associated with higher SES, underscoring the need for community-based oral health education and systemic strengthening of affordable EOHC services.

To evaluate and compare chairside clinical time and acceptance of prefabricated and conventional band and loop space maintainers in children with premature loss of primary molars. Sixty children aged 4-8 years with premature loss of primary first or second molars requiring a space maintainer were randomized into two groups: group 1, conventional band and loop space maintainer (CBLSM), and group 2, prefabricated band and loop space maintainer (PBLSM). The clinical evaluation for patient acceptance was carried out at six months follow-up using a five-point Likert scale. Patient comfort during clinical procedure, chairside clinical time, space loss, gingival index and plaque index were also recorded and compared between the two groups. After six months, both space maintainers were well accepted by the children, showing no statistically significant difference between the groups ( P > 0.05). In group 1, 40% of children, and in group 2, 46.6% of them showed mild discomfort measured using the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale, while the others were comfortable during the clinical procedure. The mean chairside clinical time required was 14.12 ± 3.90 and 19.96 ± 5.55 min for group 1 and group 2, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.001). The plaque index, the gingival index and space loss after six months had no statistically significant differences between groups. The CBLSM and PBLSM were comparable in terms of patient acceptance, comfort during clinical procedure and space loss after six months. However, the mean chairside clinical time required was significantly higher in PBLSM group.

The advancements in the aviation sector have propelled humanity to progress at a rapid pace in the last few decades. Statistically, rigorous safety protocols make air transport the safest mode of travel. An aircraft is considered fully safe only if the internal systems remain resilient, which demands the need for constant health monitoring of them. Despite following a rigorous maintenance regime, unforeseen accidents do occur. Recent real-life incidents due to mechanical failures relating to engine malfunction and its other related parts have claimed a lot of human lives. Artificial Intelligence can play a significant impact and assist the ground engineers who perform a crucial role in the maintenance of these aircraft. This research focuses specifically on aeroengine health monitoring using sensor data from the NASA C-MAPSS dataset, concentrating on engine sensor data. This robust data encompasses 21 different sensors that are present in an engine. after necessary data preprocessing, the data has been fed to the regression models to realize the behavioural analytics of how the data contributes to the engine health. An ensemble approach of using Linear Regression, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Regressor is implemented, based on the results Gradient Boost Regressor model provided a better performance amongst the three models. An assistive prediction rate of +/- 44 cycles against the actual predicted Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of engine health has been found critical to monitor the engine vitals appropriately. Further, this scheme suggests that the regressed support of using sensor data can help the ground engineers in making important and effective decisions in a timely manner for periodical engine health monitoring, thereby providing assured quality checks.

AimThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric differences in gingival epithelial thickness, vascular elements, and connective tissue in smokers vs. non-smokers with Stage II Grade B generalized periodontitis.MethodsSixty gingival tissue samples [smokers (n = 30) and non-smokers (n = 30)] were harvested from patients undergoing modified Widman flap surgery. All participants were systemically healthy, with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≤ 5 mm and clinical attachment loss of 3–4 mm. Histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin & eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical staining with CD34 and CD105. Morphometric evaluations, including epithelial thickness, epithelial cell and nuclear area, collagen fibre density, and microvascular density, were conducted using an image analysis software. Statistical comparisons between groups were analyzed using unpaired t-tests, Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression with p-values < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsSmokers exhibited significantly increased gingival epithelial thickness (p = 0.001), epithelial cell area (p < 0.001), and nuclear area (p < 0.0001) compared with non-smokers. The collagen fibre density was reduced in smokers (p < 0.0001). Microvascular density (MVD) was did not differ in smokers (p = 0.001), but vascular calibre [CD34, (p = 0.89)] and neovascular potential [CD105, (p = 0.99)] were comparable between groups.ConclusionSmoking induces significant histological and vascular changes in the gingiva, including epithelial thickening, reduced collagen density, and decreased microvascular density, while maintaining the neovascular potential. These findings highlight smoking as a critical modulator of periodontal tissue pathogenesis, and reinforce the importance of smoking cessation in mitigating periodontal disease progression.Graphical The study identified increased epithelial thickness, decreased microvascular density, and changes to collagen morphology in smokers compared to non-smokers with periodontitis. Nevertheless, potential neovascularization is similar to that of non-smokers, indicating a restoration of wound healing capacity following smoking cessations, as it remains important in periodontal therapySupplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-025-07233-2.