Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

ABSTRACT Carbon nanostructures derived from biomass precursors have attracted attention for biomedical applications due to their surface functionality and biocompatibility. In this study, fluorescent carbonaceous nanostructures were synthesized from Jussiaea repens via a solvothermal route and subsequently integrated with polyaniline (PANI) to form a hybrid composite. Electron microscopy revealed spherical carbon nanostructures with an average size of ∼68 nm, while dynamic light scattering showed a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼149 nm, indicating aggregation in aqueous media. Raman and XPS analyses confirmed a defect‐rich carbon framework with oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing functional groups. The carbon nanostructures exhibited excitation‐dependent photoluminescence with a quantum yield of ∼2% (quinine sulfate reference), attributed predominantly to surface‐state emission. Zeta potential measurements (−10.6 mV) indicated moderate colloidal stability. In vitro studies demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, non‐hemolytic and minimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in CHO‐K1 cells, indicating biocompatibility. In contrast, J. repens ‐derived carbon dot like nanostructure (JCD) and PANI and CDs nanocomposite (PJCD‐2) exhibited potent anticancer activity in melanoma cancer cells (B16F10) by inducing cell cycle arrest, enhancing ROS production, and inhibiting cell migration by the disruption of cytoskeleton organization and actin filaments. Western blot analysis further revealed a significant upregulation of the pro‐apoptotic protein BAX, accompanied by a marked downregulation of Bcl‐2 and Cyclin B1. These alterations in protein expression strongly support apoptosis‐mediated cytotoxicity and indicate activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The genotoxicity studies revealed the non‐significant mitotoxic and clastogenic effects of JCD, PANI, and PJCD‐2 in CHO‐K1 cells when compared to mitomycin‐C positive control, supporting their safety.

Herein, we report a catalytic [4 + 2] annulation between trifluoromethyl allyl carbonates and isatic acids that provides direct access to 3-trifluoroethyl-4-carboxylate quinolines. The transformation proceeds smoothly under mild conditions and accommodates a broad range of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, and sterically demanding substituents. In addition, a one-pot protocol enables efficient conversion of the annulation products into 3-trifluoroethyl-4-amido quinolines under the same reaction conditions. The synthetic versatility of this strategy is further demonstrated through the one-pot preparation of a trifluoroethyl analogue of brequinar, as well as the streamlined synthesis of trifluoroethylated analogues of bioactive scaffolds.

We have developed an approach for the geminal difluorinative vicinal acetonylation of imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyridines using selectfluor and aryl methyl ketones. This strategically designed nucleophilic addition of aryl methyl ketone to imidazopyridine was achieved through the geminal difluorination of imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyridine using selectfluor. The method resulted in the formation of two CF bonds, one CC bond, and a quaternary stereocenter. This mild, efficient, and cost‐effective method offers a broad substrate scope and successfully extended to benzimidazothiazole derivatives.

We present PolyUFC, an MLIR based compilation flow for uncore frequency capping that combines (performance and power) roofline analyses and polyhedral compilation-based static analysis for characterization of affine programs. We introduce a parametric mathematical model that links operational intensity and uncore frequency to derive frequency caps, validated through empirical evaluation on real hardware. By embedding these caps into Pluto optimized code generated by Polygeist, we achieve improvements in Energy Delay Product (EDP) up to 42% on compute-bound, and up to 54% on bandwidth-bound programs—carefully selected from ML-models from vision/NLP domains and PolyBench—over Intel UFS driver. Our framework is retargetable across multiple micro-architectures; and can handle multiple optimization goals like performance, energy and EDP, and is applicable across inter/intra dialects.

Pseudocapacitors (PSCs) based on small organic molecule materials have attracted significant research interest due to their structural diversity, tunable redox properties, and ability to support widening the operational potential window, offering higher energy density and rapid power density. Nevertheless, the progress is hindered by their unsatisfactory cycling stability. An approach to tailoring the cycling life of the organic electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) is extending π-conjugation of the molecular architecture. To improve the overall performance of the supercapacitor device, the electrode materials, in particular conjugated donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)-type molecules, can store both positive and negative charge in a pseudocapacitor device. The D–A–D-type conjugation with good packing could facilitate charge transport and enhance the electrochemical characteristics of the SC cell configurations. In this work, new D–A–D-type 2,7-bis(10-(2-ethylhexyl)-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl) benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (PTZ-NDI-EH) and 2,7-bis(10-(2-hexyldecyl)-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (PTZ-NDI-HD) bearing two different alkyl chains are designed and synthesized. The optimized PTZ-NDI-EH and PTZ-NDI-HD active organic electrode materials in combination with conducting graphite foil (GF) exhibit outstanding functionalities such as higher specific capacitance, higher energy density, and longer cycling stability. Such higher PSC performance could be originating from the molecular packing, higher electronic conductivity, and enhanced charge delocalization during the Faradaic reversible redox processes. The higher cycling stability could be attributed to efficient ion transportation. In addition, the alkyl chain length influences the electrochemical properties of PTZ-NDI-EH and PTZ-NDI-HD. The increase in contact angle of PTZ-NDI-HD (higher alkyl chain length) leads to the reduction of the specific capacitance compared to PTZ-NDI-EH (lower alkyl chain length). This provides the basis for the wettability of the electrode in the presence of aqueous electrolytes and their impact on the electrochemical properties. These results indicate that the D–A–D materials design and their applications contribute to the development of high-performance electrical energy storage (EES) devices.

An efficient synthesis of 6-amino-7-fluoro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one, a key intermediate in the preparation of the herbicides flumioxazin and thidiazimin, is accomplished in three steps from readily available 1,3-difluorobenzene. The key steps of nitration, condensation, and reductive cyclization were optimized to obtain the product in 78% overall yield with 99.4% purity.