Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Spin control for interfacial charge/mass transport plays a decisive role in achieving elevated energy density while retaining power density in a hybrid supercapacitor. Interfacial charge-transfer improvisations by push-pull spin control strategy among two magnetically distinctive materials offer a unique way to enhance the intrinsic characteristic of the electrode. Herein, we present a push-pull strategy at the intersection of soft/hard magnetic spin junction, where spin-ordering in soft magnetic (SM) Co(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) (CBDC) layer is induced by hard magnetic (HM) MnFe2O4 (MFO) nanoparticle under the influence of an external magnetic field. Specific capacitance of CBDC-MFO@CSF electrode is increased from 612 to 1015 Fg-1, capacitance retention from 30% to 50% across a 1.6V operating range, from magnetically induced ferromagnetic ordering in CBDC layer activating more Co2+ sites and facilitating charge/mass transport for superior charge storage. When 0 and 18 mT activated electrodes are assembled into a hybrid device, the energy density of the magnetically activated electrode is increased to 146 Whkg-1@ 800 Wkg-1 compared to a non-magnetically activated electrode (81 Whkg-1 @ 798.4 Wkg-1) without compromising power output. Improvement in mass/charge transport for the magnetically activated electrode suggests a direct consequence of the induced spin ordering and pinning, which favors enhanced diffusion dynamic control at the electrode-electrolyte interface.

Protecting hierarchical data via multi-level encryption and authenticating high-contrast touch traces represents an emerging frontier demanding technological innovation in molecular materials. Herein, via precise molecular interventions, three D-A-A' (donor-acceptor-acceptor) type aggregation induced emission (AIE)-active positional isomers (p-TPy, m-TPy, and o-TPy) are designed by varying the pyridine ring position in the acceptor. Their systematic investigation reveals key photophysical and structure-property insights, revealing their potential in advanced security and encryption. Positional modulation regulates electron-accepting strength and molecular packing, leading to red-shifted solid-state emission and influencing PLQY, transient PL, solvatochromism, and thermal stability as supported by crystal analysis and theoretical calculations. These stimuli-adaptive isomers address two critical challenges in advanced security systems. First, thermochromic luminescent materials (TLMs) exhibiting multiple temperature-dependent luminescent states are formulated as security inks by doping the para-isomer into phase-change matrices, enabling a multi-level security system. Second, a red-emissive, water-soluble amphiphilic fluorescent probe is obtained by functionalizing the para-isomer into a pyridinium emitter (p-TPyMe), capable of detecting latent fingerprints on diverse substrates and revealing level-3 ridge details with an exceptional contrast value of 5.39. These results demonstrate how molecular design in single chromophores translates into strategic AIE-active stimuli-adaptive positional isomers with intricate structure-property relationships, highlighting their potential for next-generation anti-counterfeiting, data encryption, and forensic technologies.

This study investigates the seismic performance and deformation mechanism of coupling double-beams (CDBs) through experimental testing and numerical modeling. The proposed mechanism assumes that a CDB initially behaves as a conventional coupling beam under small deformations, but transitions into two slender beams at large drift, shifting from shear-dominated to flexure-dominated behavior. This transformation mitigates sliding shear failure at the beam-to-wall interface, facilitating more effective retrofitting. Two geometrically identical CDB specimens, one with conventional RC and the other with steel fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC), were subjected to cyclic displacement-controlled loading up to 6.0% drift. Compared with the RC CDB, the SFRC CDB exhibited a 14.8% increase in peak load, delayed initial cracking (1.75% versus 0.35% drift), and enhanced crack control, enabling efficient early-stage retrofitting. Both damaged specimens were retrofitted with steel jacketing and tested up to 8.0% drift. The retrofitted RC CDB regained its original strength with a 13.2% improvement, while the retrofitted SFRC CDB achieved the highest energy dissipation (43.44 kNm). Numerical simulations in ABAQUS captured peak strength within 0%–9% deviation, initial stiffness within 2%–24%, and energy dissipation within 9%–55%, confirming model accuracy. A comparative study of 55 coupling beams from the literature showed that the normalized shear stress coefficients of the tested CDBs (1.06–1.53) consistently exceed the standard limit of 0.83fc′ MPa, indicating the need to revisit code provisions for beams with enhanced detailing and retrofitting. The combined use of SFRC and steel jacketing presents a practical, thermally stable, and constructible retrofit approach, offering an effective solution for upgrading RC wall systems in seismic regions.

Automatic Radiology Report Generation (RRG) reduces medical workload by automatically generating diagnostic reports from X-ray images. In recent studies, an improved performance has been observed by first classifying the image and then incorporating clinical outcomes into the RRG pipeline, with cross-modal interactions between image and text. However, these studies have limitations, including : (1) inconsistent cross-modal learning due to under-utilization of textual information, and (2) reliance on noisy classification labels, resulting in inaccurate attention and invariant report generation. To address these issues, a Medical Context-aware RRG Framework (MedCARF) is proposed, which introduces a Disease-Aware Visual Textual Alignment (D-ViTAlign) module to capture organ-abnormality relationships from scene graphs and visual features. In addition, label refinement is achieved using an unsupervised Augmentation Distillation with Contrastive Refinement (AuDiCoR) loss, which iteratively refines the visual features via augmentation alignment and loss modelling. Furthermore, the knee OAI dataset is used to benchmark the RRG task, and the contributions of MedCARF are tested on it. Later, Knee RRG performance is also evaluated using multimodal information, including biomechanical data. Experimental results showed that a minimum 3.2% improvement in METEOR and a 4.22% AUC gain over classification SOTA are achieved for chest X-ray, while a 9.69% average improvement across all NLG metrics is observed for knee RRG with biomechanical data integration. Overall, contextually accurate reports are generated, and consistent classification performance is achieved across minority classes, thereby demonstrating the robustness and clinical applicability of the proposed framework. The Code is available at: https://github.com/adaydar/MedCARF.

A bstract The current work involves augmenting the ∆(54) discrete flavor model by incorporating two Standard Model Higgs particles into the Inverse Seesaw mechanism. We introduced Weyl fermions and Vector like fermions, which are gauge singlets in the Standard Model and produces Majorana mass terms in our Lagrangian. The resulting mass matrix produces a non-zero reactor angle ( θ 13 ). We have determined the effective Majorana neutrino mass, which is the parameter of relevance in neutrinoless double beta decay investigations. We additionally investigate the possibility of baryogenesis in the proposed framework via resonant leptogenesis. We have the non-zero value for resonantly enhanced CP asymmetry originating from the decay of right-handed neutrinos at the TeV scale, accounting for flavor effects. The evolution of lepton asymmetry is systematically analyzed by numerically solving a set of Boltzmann equations, leading to the determination of the baryon asymmetry with a magnitude of | η B | ≈ 6 × 10 −10 . This outcome is achieved by selecting specific values for the right-handed neutrino mass M 1 = 10 TeV and mass splitting, d ≈ 10 −8 .