Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Abstract The present case describes bone marrow toxicity (myelotoxicity) in an 8‐year‐old unilateral cryptorchid labrador diagnosed with a Sertoli cell tumour. The dog exhibited severe pancytopenia, feminisation and systemic complications secondary to hyperoestrogenism. With surgical removal of the tumour and aggressive supportive care allowing haematopoietic recovery, the prognosis remained favourable. This report highlights the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges and treatment strategies. It emphasises the importance of early detection and timely intervention to improve clinical outcomes.

A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay coupled with Nucleic-acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay (NALFIA) was developed to differentiate B. abortus S19, the vaccine strain, from other Brucella Species, including wild-type B. abortus. LAMP assay was carried out by targeting the eryC gene, which is absent in B. abortus S19. Specific ligands on the test and control lines of the LFA strip were spotted. The presence of a colored band only on the control line indicated the presence of B. abortus S19. In contrast, a colored line on both test and control lines indicated the presence of other Brucella Species. The assay was found to be very specific, as it did not cross-react with any other bacterial genera. The assay was found to be very sensitive, and the limit of detection was found to be 1.76 pg of genomic DNA of bacteria. In spiked milk samples, the assay could detect 2.89 × 103 CFU of bacteria. Thus, the assay, which has discriminatory power in the detection of B. abortus S19 and other Brucella Species, can be used as nucleic acid-based DIVA in clinical samples of suspected cases of bovine brucellosis, which can be a potential source of transmission in both humans and animals.

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed model training across edge devices without sharing raw data. However, client heterogeneity and asynchronous updates introduce challenges in convergence and accuracy. In this paper, we use the APPFL framework (Advanced Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning) to compare eight FL aggregation algorithms— including synchronous methods (FedAvg, FedAvgM, FedAdam, FedYogi, FedAdagrad) and asynchronous methods (FedAsync, FedBuffer, and our proposed FedAsyncM)—on an MNIST classification task using a convolutional neural network. We propose a novel algorithm, FedAsyncM, which adds a server-side momentum term to the FedAsync aggregator. Our experiments, conducted on a homogeneous network of Raspberry Pi 5 devices and a heterogeneous mixed cluster including a faster laptop, were later extended to simulations of up to 100 clients to measure test accuracy and training time. The results show that the synchronous FedAvgM achieves the highest accuracy, while the asynchronous FedAsync achieves the fastest training time. FedAsyncM, with carefully chosen parameters (e.g., learning rate and momentum), balances this trade-off by converging nearly as quickly as FedAsync while attaining accuracy close to FedAvgM. These findings indicate that incorporating momentum into asynchronous FL can significantly improve performance.

Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a major One Health concern, impacting livestock, wildlife, and humans. The complete genetic and lineage characterization of M. bovis strains is lacking in many parts of the world, including India. This study reports Illumina sequencing and the first draft genome of M. bovis strain 3/86Rv isolated from a cross-bred cow in India in 1986 and kept under in vitro passages. The genome assembly produced a single contig of 4,303,074bp with excellent coverage (99.66%) and completeness, and 97.6% of BUSCO genes were conserved.The genome annotation identified 4,246 coding sequences (CDS). Orthologous cluster analysis revealed high protein conservation among M. bovis strains, with unique genes observed in M. tuberculosis. The subsystems analysis highlighted a significant enrichment of genes related to metabolism, protein processing, and virulence. Phylogenetic analysis placed M. bovis strain 3/86Rv within a closely related cluster of M. bovis isolates and distinct from other MTBC species, such as M. kansasii, which is a more recent outlier. SNP analysis compared with M. bovis AN5 revealed 171 SNPs, with a predominance of missense mutations and a Ts/Tv ratio of 1.11, suggesting adaptive evolution. The study underscores the genetic diversity and complex resistance mechanisms of M. bovis, providing valuable insights into its pathogenicity and evolutionary trajectory. This comprehensive genomic characterization will aid in understanding the biology of M. bovis.

Total hip arthroplasty effectively restores near-normal gait in most dogs with hip dysplasia unresponsive to conservative treatment. Total hip replacement (THR) requires high surgical accuracy for all surgeons, though errors and deviations are more common during the learning phase (Hayes et al.Vet Surg 40(1):1-5, 2011a). This study aimed to evaluate the technical performance and identify common intraoperative deviations in cemented THR performed by a novice surgeon using canine cadavers. Twelve adult cadavers underwent unilateral THR following a standardized protocol, with implant sizes determined through both radiographic and CT-based preoperative templating. All procedures were performed under expert supervision, with intraoperative corrections made when necessary. Postoperative radiographs were obtained not to detect missed errors but to objectively quantify final implant orientation after correction, thereby documenting technical inaccuracies, including those corrected intraoperatively. Postoperative radiographs were assessed for acetabular cup orientation, femoral stem alignment, canal fill, cement mantle quality, tip-to-cortex distance and cement quality. Overall, > 80% agreement was noted between templated and implanted components. A statistically significant association (p = 0.04) was observed between the matched acetabular cup and femoral stem. While implant positioning, including stem orientation, canal fill, and cement mantle thickness, cementation quality was within acceptable limits, increased canal fill correlated with mild varus or valgus deviations (r = 0.702, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that novice surgeons may achieve reproducible and acceptable outcomes through cadaver-based training with structured mentoring. However, optimal implant placement was not consistently achieved, indicating that further refinement is needed. Larger-scale cadaveric studies and more intensive surgical training protocols are recommended to enhance accuracy, reduce variability, and improve learning outcomes clinically in canine THR.